Ullambana Sutra
Once upon a time, it is said that the Buddha resided in Shravasti, specifically in the Garden of the Benefactor of Orphans and the Solitary.
Mahamaudgalyayana, having recently attained the six penetrations, felt a deep desire to repay the kindness of his parents for raising him. Utilizing his divine vision, he surveyed the world and discovered that his departed mother was reborn among the hungry ghosts, emaciated and without sustenance.
Touched by compassion and sadness, Mahamaudgalyayana filled a bowl with food and approached his mother to provide nourishment. However, as she attempted to consume the food, it inexplicably transformed into burning coals, rendering it inedible.
In anguish, Mahamaudgalyayana hurried back to the Buddha to recount this sorrowful experience.
The Buddha, acknowledging the profound and entrenched offenses of Mahamaudgalyayana’s mother, explained that individual efforts alone were insufficient to liberate her. Even though filial sentiments could move heaven and earth, the combined spiritual power of the Sangha from the ten directions was necessary for her liberation.
The Buddha proceeded to impart a salvific teaching, a method to alleviate the suffering and remove obstacles from accumulated offenses. He instructed Mahamaudgalyayana to make offerings to the assembled Sangha on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, known as Pravarana day. These offerings included clean basins filled with diverse flavors, the five fruits, incense, oil, lamps, candles, beds, and bedding – the best of worldly offerings. The entire virtuous Sangha, regardless of their location or spiritual accomplishments, was to gather on that day and partake in the pravarana food.
By making such offerings, Mahamaudgalyayana’s parents, as well as ancestors of seven generations, could escape the paths of suffering and attain liberation. The Buddha directed the assembled Sangha to recite mantras and vows for the benefit of the donor’s family.
Delighted by this guidance, Mahamaudgalyayana and the great Bodhisattvas followed the Buddha’s instructions. As a result, Mahamaudgalyayana’s mother found liberation from the prolonged suffering of the hungry ghosts.
Expressing gratitude, Mahamaudgalyayana inquired if future disciples, by offering Ullambana basins, could similarly assist their present and past parents. The Buddha affirmed this, emphasizing the importance of practicing compassionate filial conduct on the fifteenth day of the seventh month.
He urged disciples to place diverse foods in Ullambana basins and offer them to the Pravarana Sangha of the ten directions. The practitioners should vow to ensure their parents’ longevity and happiness, as well as the liberation of seven generations of ancestors from the realm of hungry ghosts.
In conclusion, the Buddha encouraged all disciples to consistently recall their parents and ancestors, offering Ullambana basins on the fifteenth day of the seventh month as a gesture of filial compassion. This practice, he emphasized, was a respectful way to repay the boundless kindness bestowed by one’s parents. The bhikshu Maudgalyayana and the entire assembly, inspired by the Buddha’s teachings, joyfully embraced this compassionate practice. And thus, the Buddha spoke of the Ullambana Sutra, providing a timeless guide for repaying the kindness of parents.
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