Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu
Once, the Blessed One resided in Savatthi, at Jeta’s Grove in Anathapindika’s monastery. Addressing the assembly of monks, he spoke, “Monks!”
Respectfully, the monks replied, “Yes, Lord.”
The Blessed One shared guidance on cultivating a focused mind, highlighting five essential themes for monks to consider at the appropriate times.
Firstly, if unwholesome thoughts arise during meditation, connected to desire, aversion, or delusion, the monk should shift attention to a different theme associated with what is skillful. By doing so, the disturbing thoughts subside, allowing the monk to steady, settle, unify, and concentrate the mind.
If, despite this shift, unskillful thoughts persist, the monk should examine the drawbacks: recognizing them as unskillful, blameworthy, and causing stress. Through this scrutiny, the undesirable thoughts fade away, and the monk attains mental steadiness.
In the rare case that unwholesome thoughts persist, the monk should practice indifference, paying no mind to them. By disregarding these thoughts, the monk frees the mind from their influence and achieves concentration.
Should the unskillful thoughts persist even with indifference, the monk is advised to focus on relaxing thought-fabrication concerning those thoughts. This practice enables the abandonment of the troublesome thoughts and promotes mental stability.
In the event that unwholesome thoughts persist during the relaxation of thought-fabrication, the monk is encouraged to employ a more forceful approach. With teeth clenched and tongue pressed against the roof of the mouth, the monk should beat down, constrain, and crush the unskillful thoughts with awareness. This resolute effort results in the abandonment of disturbing thoughts and the attainment of mental concentration.
A monk who successfully applies these methods is recognized as having mastery over thought sequences. Such a monk can choose to think or not think as desired, having severed craving and liberated themselves from the fetters. Through a deep understanding of conceit, they have reached the cessation of suffering and stress.
Upon hearing these teachings, the monks were gratified, finding delight in the Blessed One’s words.
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