Concrete gray cities have deeply absorbed people as if creation of the Earth had been as colorless and artificial from the very beginning. When the hands of a great artist touch the paintbrush, the spectra of his color feast cannot be counted. In a distance not too far, God’s tableaus can be seen with soul and heart.
One of the most amazing nature phenomenon in Iran is the Aladaglar mountains or Rainbow mountains which is in Zanjan province. The hills are so incredible that for a moment you might think you are walking on another planet.
Aladaglar Mountains date back to 15 million years ago. There are a variety of colors in this attractive place containing Red, Copper, Brown, Yellow, White, Green and blue in beauty different spectrum and especially Red, Copper, and Yellow in hot weather. As the setting sun casts golden rays and a lacework of shadows across the landscape, the visual effect becomes even more stunning.
’Ala’’ in Azeri Turkish language means colorful and ‘’Dag’’ means mountain. The Aladaglar rainbow mountains and hills are tucked into the northwest of Iran, 25 kilometers in the northeast of Tabriz between Ahar and Khajeh. Along the road of Ahar-Tabriz, the landscape begins to switch step by step. Passing the city of Tabriz, an eye-catching mountain chain of the Aladaglar appears. The distance between Tehran to the Aladaglar mountains is about 630 kilometers and takes approximately 7 hours via Qazvin-Zanjan road, Zanjan-Tabriz road, and Tabriz-Ahar road.
The golden and copper colors of these mountains get a maximum glow when the Sun shines with the right angle. These mountains provide a unique opportunity for eco-tourists who would like to do their own professional photography.
This work of art by mother nature, the Aladaglar Mountains, shares its name with a mountain range in Turkey, but the two should not be confused.
These painted mountains exist in a few places on earth, such as the Zhangye National Geopark in China, Hornocal mountain range in Argentina and Ausangate mountains in Peru. In China, these mountains are said to be the result of millions of years of minerals and sandstone being pressed together and oxidized. This is likely what happened elsewhere in the world, too, making these phenomenal mountains look like giant layer cakes. Everywhere of the Aladaglar Mountains has a unique form and color and type of stones are different.
Jiuzhaigou National Park is located in southwestern China in the north part of the Sichuan Province. The park covers an area of 280 square miles (720 sq km). It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a World Biosphere Reserve.
The elevation varies from 6,600 to 14,800 feet (2,000 to 4,500 m). The Jiuzhaigou valley falls within the Min Mountains and serves as the heart of the national park. The national park is renowned for its beautifully colored lakes, the numerous layered waterfalls, and peaks that are frequently snow-capped.
The autumn season in Jiuzhaigou is nothing short of a masterpiece, painted with a palette of vibrant colors. As mid-to-late October arrives, the transformation of the trees in Jiuzhaigou nears completion. The leaves change from a lush green to a brilliant gold, while others take on a stunning red hue that blankets the mountains.
The forest is ablaze with shades of red and yellow, creating a dazzling display that is reflected in the tranquil waters of the lake. The backdrop of a clear, clean blue sky enhances the refreshing atmosphere. Standing amidst this natural wonder, you can’t help but feel like you’ve stepped into a colorful paradise.
When autumn graces Jiuzhaigou, it feels as if you’ve entered a fairy tale world. The leaves compete in a brilliant display, reminiscent of flowers vying to bloom. But Jiuzhaigou is not just about the autumn leaves; it’s also about the countless streams that flow gracefully between the red and yellow leaves. These streams create a spectacular scene that is a rare sight to behold. In that moment, it feels as if all your worries and troubles simply melt away. In Jiuzhaigou, there is also the Five Flower Sea, which offers a 360-degree unobstructed view of breathtaking beauty.
Autumn in Jiuzhaigou is akin to a pot of warm and soothing wine that makes the earth’s cheeks blush and the eyes sparkle. As you stroll along the winding walkways, the warm sunlight bathes your face and body, gently warming your body and soul. The light dances through the valleys, casting a dazzling glow on the bright colors of the forest. The colorful mountains reflect in the calm water, creating a harmonious display of colors between the mountains and the water. It feels as if you’ve stepped into a dreamlike world. Every glance is met with stunning scenery, capturing your heart and leaving you in awe. The water’s surface, stirred by the autumn wind, shimmers with sparkling light and patchy colors, creating a captivating display of colorful rays of light cascading across the water.
If you wish to witness the sunrise in Jiuzhaigou during autumn, the best time is after 8:30 AM and before 5:00 PM for sunset. For those looking to capture the beauty of the “seas” (lakes) in Jiuzhaigou, the lighting is optimal during these times, ensuring that you can showcase the captivating colors of Jiuzhaigou’s “seas”.
Some ancient structures were purposely and skillfully constructed at the riskiest of locations or sometimes just had their appearance altered to reflect a sense of danger and awe. These ancient buildings are so remarkable that even modern scientists are amazed and astounded by them.
There are 10 most dangerous structures in the world, XuanKongSi Temple in China is one of them. Temples and monasteries were usually built on the ground, and if there was no money or it was necessary to hide from someone, then under the ground in caves. It seems impossible to think of anything else, but the temple tells us otherwise. It turns out that in one of the northern provinces of China, there is a so-called Hanging Temple which seems to be attached to the Rock at a height of 75 meters. It was built almost 1500 years ago in 491 during the northern Wei Dynasty. The Chinese call this Temple complex XuanKongSi.
The temple is located in Shanxi Province, 65 kilometers southeast of the city of Datang, it looks as if the entire Temple is held up on a steep Cliff by the power of Prayer. Perhaps prayers help because the temple is unique; it is the only Temple of three religions in China. It combines Buddhist, Taoist, and Confucian altars. It has everything that other temples have: the main gate, the bells, and drum Towers, the main and side Halls. The largest structure of the monastery is called sangana, and it stands on a stone ledge. There are also 40 halls in Pavilions, but they are smaller than the sangana. They are built on pallets that lie on beams hammered into the Rocks. The rock is used as the back wall of the rooms, and niches are made in it for statues. The larger the niches, the more statues they contain, and the larger they are.
Upon first glance, the temple’s buildings seem to have been partially swallowed by an expanding mountain rather than built onto and into it. Some of the pathways that connect the separate buildings are hewn into the mountain. Others feature the same design as the buildings themselves – parked atop seemingly impossibly-thin wooden poles.
It is composed of three main sections:
North Pavilion
This pavilion is three storeys tall, 4 metres (13 feet) wide and 7 metres (23 feet) in length. Wufo Hall, which is located on the lowest floor is dedicated to the Five Dhyani Buddhas. Above it is Guanyin Hall and on the top storey is Sanjiao Hall. Sanjiao Hall, or the Hall of the Three Religions is widely regarded as the most important room in the Hanging Temple, at least in terms of symbology. It contains large statues of Buddha Shakyamuni, Lao-Tze and Confucius standing together.
SanJiao Hall
Given that the Hanging Temple is the only surviving example of the concept of the Three Teachings Harmonious as One, the Hall of Three Religions is perhaps the most important of these chambers. The idea of Three Teachings Harmonious as One, which emphasises the complementary nature and unifying ideas of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, flourished during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Accordingly, the hall features sculptures of deities of all three religions. Three large statues take centre stage here: Buddha Shakyamuni in the middle, flanked by Lao-Tze on his left and Confucius on his right.
GuanYin Hall
South Pavilion
Slightly larger than the North Pavilion, it is also three storeys tall and 4 metres wide but longer at 8 meters (26 feet). The North Pavilion contains Sanguan Hall. It is the biggest hall of the Hanging Temple and is home to a 2-metre tall clay sculpture, the largest in the complex. On the middle storey is Chunyang Palace, which is dedicated to Lü Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals of Taoism. He is the most popular Taoist character in Chinese culture. Leiyin Hall, which is dedicated to Buddhist deities is on the top storey.
The Long Bridge
The top storeys of the two pavilions are linked by a 10-metre (30 feet) bridge (a stairway has been cut into the mountainside to link the lowest storeys). A small balcony for worshipping sits above the bridge.
However, as impressive as the Hanging Temple appears from the outside, the bulk of the builders’ efforts went into the portion of the complex that is ensconced within the rock. 40 halls and pavilions lie inside, covering an area of 125 m2.
The biggest and most prominent halls are the Hall of Three Religions, Guanyin (Avalokiteshvara) Hall, Hall of Shakyamuni, Qielan Hall (Hall of Sangharama), Sanguan Hall (Hall of the Three Officials) and Chunyang Hall.
Spread throughout the other halls are 78 sculptures made from stone, terracotta, copper and iron. They are remarkable for their vivid and detailed depiction of facial features and clothing.
Construction
Despite its precarious location and the logistical challenges construction must have presented, no design feature that is seen in other temples of the period has been spared. The two main buildings sport traditional multiple-roof designs, eaves and balconies with images of auspicious creatures like dragons common to Chinese holy structures.
Today, the part of the temple that extends beyond the face of the cliff is supported by poles made of oak. These poles have been inserted into holes chiselled out of the rock. From a distance, the brown oaken poles meld into the background, making the temple appear to float in the air.
Amazingly, the real support framework for the temple complex is hidden within the mountain and the structure itself. If these external vertical poles were removed, the hanging temple would continue to hang!
While it’s impossible to overlook the fact that the architecture disrupts the natural rock wall formation, a closer examination reveals something quite astounding. The way the roof, walls, and other structures seamlessly integrate with the rock pattern suggests that significant care and effort were put into minimizing any unnecessary destruction.
A unique mechanical theory guided the construction of the framework. Crossbeams were partially inserted into the rock as the foundation, while the rock in the back provided support. The Hanging Monastery seems to defy gravity, appearing to float in midair.
At certain points, a roof will abruptly end at an outcrop, only to resume on the other side, leaving the stone intact. This not only benefits the structural integrity of the building but also signifies a harmony with nature, a state to which all Buddhists aspire.
Construction experts from countries including Britain, Germany, and Italy have visited the monastery. In their opinion, the Hanging Monastery, which melds mechanics, aesthetics, and Buddhism, is a rarity. The monastery and everything it represents is a significant cultural achievement of the Chinese people.
In my eyes, Yunnan Province is the most beautiful province in China. Its mild climate throughout the four seasons and its unique geographical location give Yunnan breathtaking natural scenery. The numerous ethnic minorities in Yunnan add to its diverse cultural customs. Yunnan is both romantic and passionately exotic, yet also elegant and graceful. It is truly charming and enchanting. Jizu Mountain is one of my favorite places there.
Mount Jizu (Chicken-foot Mountain) is situated in Dali Prefecture. The mountain is located to the northeast of Erhai and forms the tripoint of three counties: Heqing, Binchuan, and Dali City. With three mountain ranges to the front and one range to the rear, it resembles a chicken’s foot, hence its common name is Mount Cock’s Foot or Mt. Cock’s Claw. Yet another name for this mountain is Nine Strata Cliffs.
Mount Jizu is a famed holy mountain in Buddhism. Its main peak, Tianzhu Peak, rises some 3,240 metres above sea level. The mountain is vegetated with dense forests and bamboo groves.
From it, visitors can see the sunrise in the east, floating clouds to the south, Cangshan Mountain to the west and Jade Dragon Snow Mountain in the north. They are described as the “four wonders seen from the mountain top.”
The best viewing spot for the four wonders of Jizu Mountain is at its highest point, the Golden Top Temple. The view from the temple is wide and open, with visibility for more than ten kilometers. Watching the sunrise in the east is the king of the four wonders. Early winter mornings are the best season to witness the sunrise, as the reduced moisture increases visibility.
Before dawn in winter, the stars in the sky gradually dim, and the eastern horizon begins to whiten. A hint of orange appears on the just-yellowing horizon. In just a few minutes, the orange-red sun leaps above the horizon, and its dazzling rays spread across the entire landscape. If there are rolling clouds, they turn into a dazzling orange-red color within seconds. The sun’s rays, like an arrow carrying a force of ten thousand pounds, fly straight at everyone. In an instant, a huge spark bursts open in one’s heart. The ruddy morning sun is so bright that it’s hard to keep one’s eyes open. However, once you get used to it, the earth has already begun to revive, welcoming a new day in the dawn.
The best season to view the silver Cangshan and jade Erhai from the west is still in winter and spring. In these two seasons, snow accumulates on the peaks of Cangshan. Looking west from Golden Top Temple, you’ll see the plateau’s pearl, Erhai Lake, which runs between the mountains and valleys, reflecting silver waves. It’s as if pearls are dancing on the water’s surface. At the place where the water meets the mountains, you’ll find the nineteen peaks of Cangshan neatly arranged. The pure white snow on the mountain peaks becomes even more noble silver under the sunlight. The mountains and the sea echo each other, with the mountains towering and magnificent, and the water soft and charming. This is a masterpiece of beauty that cannot be drawn!
The best time to view the colorful clouds from the south is in the evening when the sun is about to set. Try to choose a time when the clouds are most densely gathered. Standing at the Golden Top Temple and looking south, you’ll see the undulating mountains covered in mist, which either wraps around or disperses in clouds, drifting freely in the blue sky, transforming into various shapes. The afterglow of the setting sun is scattered among the light and leisurely drifting clouds, blooming with a burst of colorful brilliance!
Jade Dragon refers to the “Jade Dragon Snow Mountain,” whose peak is covered in snow all year round, so it can be viewed at any time. Looking north from the Golden Top Temple, the snow-capped mountains stretching for dozens of miles look like an outstretched dragon, crystal clear as jade, pure white and flawless, without a speck of dust.
There are some other scenic views of Jizu Mountain that appear at different times and moments, unique to Jizu Mountain. Every year in the summer and autumn rainy season, sudden storms suddenly stop, and the surrounding mountains are still in the mist, except for a part of the clouds above Jinding Temple which disperse and sunlight reappears. At this time, a circle of seven-colored light circles surrounds Jinding Temple, which is one of the Eight Scenic Views, known as “Tianzhu Buddha Light.” Similarly, during the summer and autumn rainy season, Jizu Mountain sometimes experiences strong winds, thunderous sounds, flashes of lightning, and heavy rain in the valleys. However, Huashou Gate, located under Tianzhu Peak and below the Sheshen Cliff, is still clear and sunny. The sound of thunder echoes here and lingers for a long time. This is the famous “Huashou Qing Lei.”
The most abundant trees on Jizu Mountain are “pine and oak.” These trees come together to form a vast forest.
Whether you look from a distance or up close, the “forest sea” of Jizu Mountain stretches for dozens of kilometers, from the mountain peak to the valley, casting shadows with its pine trees. The forest is deep and lush, and when the wind, whether gentle or strong, blows through, the leaves rustle, creating music reminiscent of the thunderous galloping of a thousand horses. Sitting in the mountain and quietly listening to this has a special charm. This landscape is known as “Wan He Song Tao”.
There are more beautiful scenic views waiting for you to explore.
Besides the beautiful scenery, Jizu mountain is a legendary buddhist holy place.
According to Buddhist scriptures, in ancient times, Shakyamuni Buddha demonstrated to the assembly at the Lingshan Meeting by holding up a flower, and everyone remained silent. Only Venerable Mahakasyapa deeply understood the Buddha’s intention and broke into a faint smile. The Buddha said, “I have the true Dharma eye treasury, the wondrous heart of Nirvana, which I entrust to you.” He also told Mahakasyapa that he would pass on the kasaya robe to him, which would then be transferred to Maitreya when he appears in the world. Venerable Mahakasyapa bowed to the Buddha’s feet and respectfully followed the Buddha’s intention. After the Buddha’s Nirvana, Venerable Mahakasyapa gathered the true Dharma three treasures in the city of Vaishali. He later entrusted the true Dharma three treasures to Ananda and went to Jizu Mountain alone, holding the kasaya robe given to him by the Buddha. He entered meditation at the Huashoumen.
Huashou Gate is 40 meters high, with a sheer cliff face as if cut with a knife. A large stone gate is embedded at the top, and a vertical crack in the middle divides the cliff into two panels, with a “stone lock” hanging in the middle. The stone gate is covered with Hada (ceremonial scarves), and there are prayer flags around it. With an altitude of nearly 3000 meters, the landscape is very similar to that of Tibet.
When Maitreya Buddha is born in this world, he will also climb Jizu Mountain and go to the place where Venerable Mahakasyapa meditated. With a snap of his fingers, the mountain peak will open, and Mahakasyapa will pass on the robe and say his farewell. After the respectful ceremony, he will ascend into the sky, display divine transformations, and enter nirvana.
From the Buddhist scriptures, it can be seen that Jizu Mountain is the place where Venerable Mahakasyapa meditated, and it is also the future place of Maitreya. Its connection with Buddhism will never be severed for billions and trillions of years.
Jizu Mountain’s religious story stretches back nearly 1,000 years. Beginning during the Three Kingdoms period, several nunneries were built upon its slopes. But it was not until the time of the Tang Dynasty, four hundred years later, that the first known Buddhist temple was completed.
Throughout the following centuries, the construction of many other shrines and sanctuaries continued. By the late seventeenth century, during the Qing Dynasty, Jizu Mountain’s religious importance reach its zenith. At that point, according to official historical accounts, there were 42 temples and monasteries, 65 separate nunneries and more than 5,000 religious devotees residing on the mountain.
The mountain enjoys great prestige in South Asia and Southeast Asia, and shares the same fame with Wutai Mountain, Ermei Mountain, Putuo Mountain and Jiuhua Mountain in China. The mountain is a birthplace for Zen Buddhism.
The main sacred sites of Jizu Mountain include: Zhusheng Temple, Huashou Gate, Jinding Temple, Bronze Buddha Hall, Mahakasyapa Hall, Xuyun Zen Temple, Biyun Temple, Huashou Fangguang Temple, etc.
Jinding Temple
Golden Hall at Jinding Temple and LengYan Pagoda
The front entrance of Jinding Temple is typical Baizhu architecture style
Mahakasyapa Hall
From a high vantage point, the Mahakasyapa (Jia Ye) Hall is hidden among the lush green pines and cypresses in the depths of white clouds.
The Mahakasyapa Hall’s main hall houses a statue of the venerable Mahakasyapa, which is carved from camphor wood
Nestled in the depths of Yanmen Mountain in Shanxi, the ancient Yanmenguan Pass stands as a solitary testament to history, dating back some 2,000 years. This once invincible guardian of the frontier, which served as a formidable defense along the boundary, now seems like a wise old man, eager to share tales of its storied past.
Located 12 miles (19 kilometers) north of Daixian County, in Shanxi Province, Yanmenguan Pass is one of the three notable passes of the Inner Great Wall, alongside Ningwu Pass and Pianguan Pass.
The region’s history can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC – 476 BC), when King Wuling of Zhao State first established Yanmen County here. During the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang (259 – 210 BC), orders were given to construct Yanmen Pass as a fortification against the northern tribes, sparking centuries of fierce battles for control.
In the Northern Song Dynasty (960 – 1127), the famous Yang family warriors, including female members, were stationed at the pass to defend against invasions from the Qidan troops of the northern prairies. Statues of some of these legendary figures can be seen lining the entrance path of the scenic area.
The structure of the pass includes a pass city, a barbican, and an enclosing wall. Nestled between two rolling hills, the pass city stands at a height of 30 feet (nine meters) and spans a perimeter of 1,100 miles (1,006 meters). Extending from the east and west wings of the pass city, the enclosing wall measures over three miles (five kilometers) in length and is punctuated with beacon towers. The barbican was constructed outside the northern gate of the pass city.
A Uniquely Designed Military Stronghold
The northern gate of the pass, Di Li Gate, boasts a barbican that forms a double defense line. Unlike most barbicans, the entrance door is situated on the east wall instead of the front, exposing potential invaders from two sides. Another distinctive feature is that Tian Xi’an Gate, which opens to the central plain, is not directly aligned with Di Li Gate. It is located at the northeast corner of the pass, while the area directly opposite Di Li Gate is a false lead, leading to a secluded mountain area with no walkable path, only dense trees, knee-high grass, and wild beasts.
Behind Di Li Gate lies a large reservoir with military potential. In case of a breach, defenders could break the dam to flood the invading forces. Additionally, a pagoda stands on the northern slope of the enclosing wall, occupying the highest point of the area at an altitude of 5,968 feet (1,819 meters). This strategic location served as an ideal command post, offering a commanding view of the entire area.
Yanmenguan was renowned for its strategic significance and legendary wars, having witnessed over 1,000 skirmishes and 140 significant battles throughout history. Since the era of the Zhao State during the Warring States period, every dynasty has recognized the importance of Yanmenguan’s defensive position. It has always been a border gateway marked by fierce conflict and integration between farming and nomadic peoples.
However, amidst the echoes of past battles, a story of peace and kindness emerges through the figure of Wang Zhaojun, one of the “Four Great Beauties” of ancient China. Two thousand years ago, she passed through Yanmenguan as an envoy of peace between China and the Xiongnu.
In 33 B.C., after over a century of conflict with the Xiongnu in the north, the Han Dynasty had grown stronger under Emperor Yuan, while the southern Xiongnu had weakened. The people longed for stability, and to establish friendly relations with the Han Dynasty, Chanyu Huhanye, the Monarch of the Xiongnu, visited Chang’an to meet Emperor Yuan.
Wang Zhaojun, born in 51 BC near the beautiful Xiangxi River at the foot of Jingchu Mountain, traveled to the bustling capital Chang’an in 38 BC after being chosen as a maid for the Imperial Palace. Customarily, the Emperor selected maids based on their portraits, and Wang, likened to a phoenix, was so pure that she didn’t need to bribe the artist Mao Yanshou, unlike the other maids. Mao, however, deliberately created an unflattering portrait of her, relegating her to the role of an ordinary maid with chores in the palace’s corners. Despite the cold treatment and challenging tasks, this adversity served to strengthen her mentally and physically, perhaps as a divine preparation for her destiny.
As a court lady in waiting, Wang Zhaojun was chosen for the marriage. When the matron of the harem presented her unflattering portrait to the Emperor, he merely glanced at it and approved. But upon seeing her in person, her beauty and grace astonished the Emperor, the monarch, and the ministers. Huhanye was overjoyed and vowed to maintain peace along the frontier.
Wang Zhaojun followed the Emperor’s orders, becoming a symbol of peace through her marriage to the Xiongnu. She was honored with the title “Ninghu Yanzhi,” meaning queen who could bring peace to the Xiongnu. Subsequently, she devoted her life to maintaining stability along the Han-Xiongnu border and promoting Han culture.
Two thousand years ago, the Huns led a nomadic life in the harsh northern deserts, lagging behind the more advanced Han Dynasty. As Wang Zhaojun traveled to Xiongnu, she observed the stark contrast between the desolation of the north and the prosperity of Chang’an.
After crossing Yanmenguan, her hometown of Jingchu and the Han palace in Chang’an seemed far away, leading to feelings of homesickness. Playing a sorrowful melody on her pipa (Chinese lute), she captured the attention of a flock of geese flying overhead. So captivated were they by the beautiful music and the sight of the graceful woman on horseback that they forgot to flap their wings and fell to the ground. This incident gave rise to the saying that Wang Zhaojun’s beauty was so captivating that it made geese fall to the ground. Wang Zhaojun’s role in fostering harmony through her marriage and contributing to a peaceful border region exemplifies the traditional Chinese cultural value of “harmony.”
After arriving in Xiongnu, Zhaojun faced a challenging living environment and vastly different customs. Nevertheless, she steadfastly adhered to her mission, set aside her homesickness, and courageously, persistently, and compassionately integrated into the Hun’s lifestyle. She transformed from an ordinary Han palace maid to a virtuous and kind Queen of the Xiongnu, assisting the monarch across two generations.
She urged the monarch to cease hostilities and introduced Han’s advanced cultural etiquette system to the Hun people. Moreover, she taught them to cultivate millet and hemp, rear domestic animals, weave cloth, and dig wells. Consequently, the beacons and wars along the frontier ceased, and a scene of “wind blowing through the grass and cattle and sheep grazing” emerged, allowing the people to live peaceful and prosperous lives.
Wang Zhaojun’s role in fostering harmony through her marriage and contributing to a peaceful border region exemplifies the traditional Chinese cultural value of “harmony.” The ethereal Wang Zhaojun lived up to the expectations of the Han Dynasty, resolved the conflict between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, and propagated Han culture. Her accomplishments have become beacons of inspiration for future generations.
Instrumental in establishing peace and prosperity along the Han-Xiongnu border for half a century, she earned the love and respect of the people of her time and those of future generations. In her honor, the Huns constructed ‘The Tomb of Wang Zhaojun’ near the bank of the Big Black River. In the northern desert, she was revered as a Goddess sent by Heaven to assist the Xiongnu. It was said that there would be plentiful water and lush grass wherever she passed.
(Image: Yaliga Ba via Dreamstime)
Today, as I reflect on this beautiful and strong woman, I can’t help but feel deeply moved. In the present world, we have extremely advanced technology, but it seems that people’s moral standards and the level of civilization have not been correspondingly enhanced. I earnestly hope that modern people can resolve national, racial, and regional contradictions and conflicts through peaceful means, and avoid resorting to war, violence, and terror, as these can only bring disaster and trauma to humanity and the planet.
The recent Asian Games held in Hangzhou, China, brought the world’s attention to a spectacular opening ceremony that dazzled the senses. It was a momentous occasion that reminded me of Hangzhou’s unique charm—a city that effortlessly blends history, culture, and breathtaking natural beauty. In this blog post, I am trying to introduce some Hangzhou’s rich history, cultural significance, and the enchanting West Lake that graces this remarkable destination.
Hangzhou’s historical significance dates back over a thousand years. As the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), it was the political, economic, and cultural center of ancient China. The city’s past is vividly reflected in its well-preserved landmarks, such as the Grand Canal, which was once the world’s busiest and longest artificial waterway. The canal played a pivotal role in facilitating trade and cultural exchange between northern and southern China.
Hangzhou’s cultural heritage is as rich as its history. The city is celebrated for its pivotal role in nurturing Chinese art, literature, and philosophy. It is home to numerous temples, museums, and historical sites. One of the most iconic landmarks is the Six Harmonies Pagoda, which offers breathtaking views of the Qiantang River. Additionally, Hangzhou is renowned for its tea culture, with the world-famous Longjing (Dragon Well) tea originating from the lush plantations that surround the West Lake.
The West Lake, or Xi Hu in Chinese, is Hangzhou’s crown jewel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that captivates visitors with its picturesque beauty. Surrounded by lush hills, willow-lined pathways, and charming pagodas, the lake’s serenity has been an inspiration to poets, artists, and philosophers for centuries. Its natural allure changes with the seasons, making it a destination worth visiting year-round.
Highlights of the West Lake
Leifeng Pagoda, perched atop Sunset Hill, is a historical gem that offers sweeping vistas of the West Lake. As the sun gracefully descends below the horizon, this iconic pagoda bathes the lake in its enchanting glow, creating a magical setting perfect for a romantic evening. But beyond its scenic beauty, Leifeng Pagoda is intertwined with a captivating and somewhat tragic love story that has captured the hearts of generations.
In the Chinese folk tale “The Legend of the White Snake,” the story unfolds with the white snake, who falls deeply in love with a young man named Xu Xian. In a remarkable transformation, the white snake assumes the guise of a young lady and marries Xu Xian. However, their love is not without obstacles. The wise monk Fahai recognizes the bride’s true identity as a white snake and cunningly deceives Xu Xian, leading him to Jinshan. In a valiant attempt to rescue Xu Xian, the White Lady rushes to Jinshan, only to be suppressed under the Leifeng Pagoda by Fahai.
The hidden interior of Leifeng Pagoda is adorned with intricate carvings crafted in the style of Dongyang woodcarvings. These carvings vividly depict the captivating love story of Bai Niangzi (the White Snake) and Xu Xian as told in the legend of “The Legend of the White Snake.” The carvings employ five distinct techniques, including round carving, semi-round carving, high relief, deep relief, and shallow relief. These techniques are skillfully combined into a form known as “overlay carving,” which serves to enhance the storytelling and character portrayal within the legend.
Leifeng Pagoda, with its breathtaking views and rich cultural significance, stands as a testament to the enduring power of love and storytelling. It invites visitors to delve into the enchanting world of Chinese folklore while appreciating the timeless beauty of the West Lake at sunset.
Three Pools Mirroring the Moon: This picturesque scene features three small pagodas surrounded by water, beautifully illuminated during the Mid-Autumn Festival. It’s a breathtaking sight that draws thousands of visitors each year.
West Lake Cruise: Exploring the lake by boat provides a unique perspective of its beauty. As you glide across the serene waters, you’ll pass by charming islets, arched bridges, and elegant lakeside gardens.
Lingyin Temple: Located in the vicinity of the West Lake, Lingyin Temple is one of China’s most ancient and revered Buddhist temples. Its serene atmosphere and intricate carvings make it a cultural treasure.
According to historical tradition, the origins of Lingyin Monastery trace back to the year 328 AD, during the Eastern Jin dynasty (266–420). The monastery was established by an Indian monk known as Huili in Chinese. Right from its inception, Lingyin gained widespread recognition as a prominent Buddhist institution in the Jiangnan region.
During its zenith under the Wuyue Kingdom (907–978), Lingyin Temple stood as a grand edifice. It comprised nine multi-story buildings, 18 pavilions, 72 halls, and more than 1300 dormitory rooms, providing a sanctuary for over 3000 monks. The legacy of this era is also etched into the rich Buddhist carvings that adorn the Feilai Feng grottos and the surrounding mountains.
In the later years of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), Lingyin Monastery retained its eminence, securing its position as one of the ten most significant temples of the Chan sect in the Jiangnan region. Regrettably, this prominence did not shield the monastery from the ravages of time and external threats. Over the centuries, Lingyin Temple has undergone reconstruction no less than sixteen times. While some of the existing structures date back to earlier Chinese dynasties, much of what stands today are modern restorations from the late Qing period (1644–1911).
The temple is also associated with a famous and eccentric monk, Jigong. The legends of this mad monk find their roots in the life of a historical figure named Li Xiuyuan (1148-1209). Born into a family of officials with a long-standing Buddhist tradition in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province, Li Xiuyuan’s life took a different course when his parents passed away at the age of 18. He made his way to Lingyin Temple, the largest Buddhist temple in Hangzhou, where he became a monk.
Hall of Master Jigong
Under the guidance of Hui Yuan, a senior abbot at Lingyin Temple, Li received the Buddhist name Daoji. However, he was not inclined toward the temple’s customary routines of sutra chanting and meditation. In defiance of strict Buddhist rules, he indulged in eating meat and drinking alcohol, even publicly. His appearance often featured a dirty, tattered cassock, and he could be spotted wandering the streets in a half-drunken state.
Despite his peculiar behavior, Li endeared himself to the local community. He displayed great compassion for the poor and disadvantaged, possessed remarkable skills in medicine, and was known for his ability to treat complex ailments, often saving lives. He was also noted for his wit and what some considered magical abilities. As a result, he became known as Ji Gong the Living Buddha, a folk hero whose legacy has endured in China for over 800 years.
Ji Gong’s distinctive image, with a crumpled hat, ragged robe, and a worn-out palm leaf fan, remains familiar to the public. In fact, an ink painting of Jigong HuoFo, created by the artist H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III, is displayed in the International Art Museum of America. This artwork skillfully captures the monk’s details, including his skin, meridians, and veins, utilizing fine brushwork and realism to vividly portray the life of this beggar-like figure who held a special place in the hearts of many.
Another remarkable natural treasure worth mentioning is Longjing Tea. West Lake Longjing tea is among China’s most prestigious teas, renowned for its attributes of “vibrant green color, rich fragrance, mellow taste, and exquisite appearance.” It is often referred to as the “Four Uniques.” Cultivated in five primary production regions—ShiFeng, Longjing, Yunxi, Hupao, and Meijiawu—West Lake Longjing tea is celebrated for its superior quality. Among these regions, ShiFeng stands out as the finest, and “Mingqian tea” is its most coveted variety, frequently chosen as a high-quality gift for special occasions. Shifeng Longjing tea is predominantly produced in the renowned tea villages of Hangzhou Longjing Village and Wengjiashan Village, signifying the “Number One Tea Village in the World.”
Moreover, it’s worth noting that H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III has masterfully crafted a tea called “Bi Yu Chun,” which has achieved the highest-grade ranking in China. His Holiness has elevated the traditional techniques of tea production to a level of perfection, resulting in the creation of this exceptional green tea.
Bi Yu Chun possesses a unique flavor and unparalleled quality. Its tea leaves are compact and delicate, retaining their natural fuzz, boasting the color and luster of green jade. This tea exudes a pure aroma reminiscent of chicken broth or roasted chestnuts. It offers a pleasantly refreshing taste that lingers, maintaining its rich flavor for an extended duration. The tea is beautifully translucent, displaying a radiant green akin to that of green jade, akin to a mountain spring. Long after you savor it, the delightful flavor of Bi Yu Chun lingers in your thoughts.
In June of 1989, a competition was held to select the finest Chinese teas. Bi Yu Chun was among the contenders, alongside esteemed Chinese teas like Shi Feng Long Jing, Dong Ting Bi Luo Chun, and Jun Shan Yin Zhen. Evaluated by a committee of tea experts based on the conventional standards for tea evaluation, Bi Yu Chun scored an outstanding 101 points, surpassing all other grades to earn the title of the top Chinese tea. Experts hailed Bi Yu Chun for rectifying the three common shortcomings of Chinese green tea: insufficient greenness, a bitter and astringent taste, and an inability to withstand steeping well. Bi Yu Chun has thus exceeded the highest global standards for tea production and is acclaimed as the premier Chinese tea.
H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III‘s talents extend beyond being an exceptional painter; he is also a superb tea artisan. The wisdom and knowledge of His Holiness are truly profound and transcend human imagination.
Hangzhou, with its rich history, cultural significance, and the enchanting West Lake, offers a unique blend of experiences that captivate the soul. Whether you’re exploring the city’s historic sites, sipping on a cup of Longjing tea, or strolling along the shores of the West Lake, Hangzhou is a destination that promises an unforgettable journey through China’s past and present. It’s a place where tradition and modernity coexist harmoniously, leaving an indelible mark on all who have the privilege to visit.
As a cradle of Chinese culture, Shanxi is renowned for its abundance of cultural and historical treasures. While some iconic historical relics and monuments like the Great Wall, which stretches across the province, the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, and the Sakyamuni Pagoda in Yingxian, are at the top of tourists’ itineraries, there are also lesser-known “hidden gems” in terms of historical significance that are well worth exploring.
One such hidden gem is the Guangsheng Buddhist Temple, located in the Zhaocheng township of Hongtong county. The Guangsheng Temple is actually a complex that encompasses the upper monastery, the lower monastery, and the Water God Temple, situated on the slopes and foothills of Huoshan Mountain in Zhaocheng.
Founded in the first year (147) of the Jianhe reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), the temple originally bore the name Julushe Temple. It later acquired its present name during the Tang Dynasty (618-907). While it suffered damage during an earthquake in the 7th year (1303) of the Dade reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), subsequent restoration efforts took place over the years, preserving much of the architectural style from the Yuan Dynasty. Nestled against the mountains and overlooking a river, the temple is surrounded by ancient trees and boasts the Huoquan Spring gushing beneath the rocks at the foot of Huoshan Mountain, creating a serene and picturesque environment. The temple can be divided into three main sections: the upper temple, the lower temple, and the Water God Temple.
The upper temple, perched atop Huoshan Mountain amidst lush pine trees, is graced with ancient towers and adorned with colored glaze components, radiating magnificence and splendor. The lower temple, situated at the base of Huoshan Mountain, harmoniously blends with the mountain’s natural contours, creating an intriguing landscape with varying elevations. Adjacent to the lower temple is the Water God Temple, with connected walls. Here, one can find the Statue of Ying, an emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and renowned frescoes depicting Yuan Dramas, both of which are celebrated locally and internationally.
The upper temple complex comprises the temple gate, the Flying Rainbow Tower, the Amitabha Hall, the Great Hall, the Vairochana Hall, the Kwan-yin Hall, the Ksitigarbha Hall, as well as wing-rooms and corridors, among other features. The Temple Gate, situated at the entrance, is flanked by two guardian warriors. Just beyond the gate stands the impressive Flying Rainbow Tower, constructed from colored glaze bricks. Originally built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and later restored in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), this thirteen-story tower soars to a height of 47.31 meters, featuring an octagonal plan. The tower is adorned with tri-colored glaze in yellow, green, and blue, creating a splendid and vibrant spectacle. Elaborate wooden square blocks and intricately carved designs of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, guardian warriors, flowers, birds, and animals adorn the eaves and pillars. Corridors encircle the first story, while the tower’s interior houses only the stairs leading to the tenth floor, showcasing remarkable architectural and artistic prowess.
Behind the tower lies the Amitabha Hall, a 5-bay wide, 4-bay long structure with a single-eaved gable and hip roof. Inside, the hall features three exquisite statues: Amitabha Buddha, Manjusri Bodhisattva, and Vajrapani Bodhisattva. These statues, masterpieces of the Ming Dynasty, are accompanied by frescoes adorning the eastern wall and screen wall. Additionally, the temple once housed 4,000 volumes of the Pingshui version of the Tripitaka during the Huangtong reign of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). These valuable volumes are now preserved in the Beijing Library and serve as a rare source for studying the history of Chinese printing.
The Great Hall, characterized by a 5-bay width, a single-eaved gable, and a hip roof, features three niches within for wooden statues of Sakyamuni, Manjusri, and Samantabhadra. These statues are meticulously crafted, possessing well-proportioned forms, a plump appearance, and an air of perfect serenity. In the Qing Dynasty, the hall was adorned with eighteen iron arhats along its two sides, along with statues of Kwan-yin and Amitabha Buddha on the rear niche wall.
The Vairochana Hall, spanning 5 bays in width with a hip roof, boasts an architectural style typical of the Yuan Dynasty, with two gables supported by substantial crawling beams. The altar within the hall features statues of three Buddhas and four Bodhisattvas, surrounded by wooden niches containing 35 iron statues. Notably, the back wall of the hall showcases frescoes depicting Sakyamuni and twelve Bodhisattvas of Perfect Enlightenment, regarded as exceptional examples of this art form.
The lower temple complex comprises the temple gate, front hall, back hall, the buttress hall, and other buildings, all constructed during the Yuan Dynasty. The temple gate stands impressively tall, measuring 3 bays in width and 3 bays in length, featuring a single-eaved gable and a hip roof. Canopies have been added to both the front and back eaves, lending it the appearance of a pavilion with double eaves. The front hall spans five bays in width and is supported by only two pillars that bear the weight of the entire structure. The back hall, dating back to the second year (1309) of the Zhida reign in the Yuan Dynasty, stretches 7 bays in width, featuring 9 purlins, 8 rafters, and a single-eaved overhanging gable roof. Within the hall, you’ll find the main statues of Amitabha Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha, Bhaisajyaguru Buddha, Manjusri Bodhisattva, and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, all crafted during the Yuan Dynasty. Sadly, the once-present frescoes on the walls were stolen and smuggled to other countries in 1928, and they are currently housed in the Naerson Museum in Texas, US. Notably, the fresco on the south wall documented the performances of Yuan Drama, serving as rare reference material for the study of Chinese dramas.
The lower temple complex photo from：Beijing Transportation University ancient architectureThe lower temple complex photo from: Beijing Transportation University ancient architecture
The Water God Temple comprises two courtyards: the front yard and the back yard, featuring key structures like the Temple Gate, the Door of Amenity, the Ming Ying King Hall, and wing-rooms of cave dwellings. The Ming Ying King Hall, measuring 5 bays in width and 5 bays in length, is enveloped by a cloister and crowned with a double-eaved gable hip roof. The interior beams follow a conventional style. Within the hall, you’ll find statues of Water God Ming Ying King and his eleven attendants. Their facial features, attire, and postures are all reflective of the Yuan style. The hall’s walls are adorned with frescoes depicting scenes of people praying for rain and other historical narratives, covering an area of 197 square meters. Notably, the eastern end of the south wall features vivid depictions of a comprehensive set of stage properties used by performers, including costumes, stage instruments, musical instruments, makeup, curtains, and the stage itself. The artwork is meticulously arranged, with a simple yet profound color palette, and the dramatis personae are depicted with great expressiveness. This fresco offers an authentic glimpse into the heyday of Yuan Drama and stands as a rare and outstanding example of Yuan fresco art in China.
Tongli (同里), also called Tongli Water Town, in the southwest of Suzhou, is one of the “Top Six Ancient Towns in Jiangnan (Regions South of Yangtze River)” in China with a long history of over 1,000 years. Enjoying the advantageous location of being surrounded by water and linked by old stone bridges, Tongli is the symbol of water town in southern China. Therefore, it is regarded as the “Oriental Venice” as well as a “Natural Photo Studio” by people from the whole world and is titled the “National AAAAA Tourist Attraction”. Moreover, since it still well keeps a series of ancient structures from the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, like the “Retreat & Reflection Garden (退思园)” which is a World Cultural Heritage Site praised by many poets, Tongli is a perfect place to savor the authentic flavor of old water town in China and the real leisure life of the charming Jiangnan (江南) region.
Tongli was established in the Song Dynasty over 10 centuries ago and was first named Fu Tu (富土, Fertile Land). But it changed to be called as Tong Li (铜里) so not to be too extravagant. And later people finally changed its name again into the present Tongli (同里). According to the history, Tongli is a key place in the ancient Wu (吴) region, and since it could communicate with the outside world only by boat, there were few wars or turbulence. And then, it became an ideal place for people to escape from the social upheaval and settle down.
Highlights in Tongli
Retreat & Reflection Garden
Tuisi Garden, also known as Retreat & Reflection Garden, earned its place on the prestigious list of UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites. This exquisite garden was meticulously crafted between 1885 and 1887 by Ren Lansheng, a former government official who was dismissed due to corruption. Ren chose to name this sanctuary “Tui Si Yuan” to symbolize his personal journey of introspection.
As you wander through Tuisi Garden, you’ll be transported to a bygone era, where historic wooden structures exude an ancient charm. However, what truly astonishes visitors is the enchanting water garden concealed within its confines. Here, pavilions, corridors, bridges, halls, houses, rockeries, pools, ancient trees, vibrant flowers, and charming fish coexist in perfect harmony, creating a secret oasis.
Whether you follow the stone-paved paths or stand atop pavilions nestled among the rockeries, you’ll be treated to breathtaking views of this natural and traditional garden. Such is its extraordinary beauty that a Tuisi Zhuang (Retreat & Reflection Villa) was recreated in a botanic garden in New York, USA, faithfully mirroring the essence of Tuisi Garden. This tribute stands as a testament to the global appreciation of Chinese garden artistry.
Secret Garden in Retreat & Reflection Garden
Ancient Tuisi Garden in Spring
Gengle Hall
Gengle Hall (耕乐堂 or Happy Farming Hall), situated in the heart of Lujiadai (陆家埭), stands as a remarkable testament to ancient architecture within Tongli Water Town. Dating back to the Ming Dynasty, this building exemplifies the traditional residential-garden structure of its time, offering visitors a glimpse into the historical architecture of the region.
Within the residential section of Gengle Hall, one can admire an array of intricately carved root artworks, showcasing a variety of shapes including eagles, flowering trees, figures, lions, and more. As you explore this part of the hall, you’ll be immersed in a world of artistic craftsmanship.
Venturing into the water garden, you’ll be treated to crystal-clear pools teeming with vibrant red fish, picturesque stone bridges gracefully arching over the water, weathered yet charming old houses, and the backdrop of a serene blue sky. Every moment spent here promises a unique and captivating visual experience.
Picturesque Scenery in the Garden of Gengle Hall
The Pearl Tower
The Pearl Tower (珍珠塔) in Tongli Water Town is not precisely a tower, but rather an opulent mansion. It is renowned for its association with the poignant love story known as the ‘Pearl Tower,’ which unfolds within the walls of this former official censor’s residence.
According to the tale, Fang Qing (方卿) and Chen Cuie (陈翠娥) shared a deep and passionate love, yet their union was fraught with the challenges posed by their disparate family backgrounds. Undaunted, Fang Qing worked tirelessly to attain the coveted title of ‘Number One Scholar’ and returned to his hometown with a sterling reputation. Finally, he and Cuie were able to overcome the obstacles and were wed.
When you visit the Pearl Tower, you’ll have the opportunity to marvel at the ancient architecture and the expansive water garden, allowing you to immerse yourself in the enchanting ambiance of this historic water town and experience the enduring romance of the famous love story.
The Mansion of Pearl Tower
The Three Bridges
The Three Bridges (三桥) in Tongli, namely Taiping Bridge (太平桥), Jili Bridge (吉利桥), and Changqing Bridge (长庆桥), stand out as must-see attractions within Tongli Water Town. Together, they form a configuration resembling the Chinese character “品,” making the Three Bridges a cherished treasure of Tongli. As you stroll along these bridges, you’ll witness people walking above and boats gracefully gliding beneath, creating a dynamic and picturesque scene.
Particularly during festivals, these bridges come alive with activity, exuding a sense of bustling joy. Local residents consider it highly auspicious and joyous to traverse the Three Bridges, believing that it brings good fortune and improved health. You can embrace this tradition by walking across the Jili Bridge, Taiping Bridge, and Changqing Bridge in a continuous loop without turning back, in pursuit of greater blessings and well-being.
Besides, there are many other interesting places to visit in Tongli Water Town, like Jiayin Hall (嘉荫堂) with beautiful design and gauze-cap-like beam decorations, Chongben Hall (崇本堂) with exquisite sculptures, Mingqing Street (明清街) with various local food and shops, Luoxing Island (罗星洲) with fabulous natural scenery, etc. you can spend more time to discover deeper beauty of Tongli!
Amazing Activities in Tongli
You deserve to try the featured activities in Tongli to get the real fun and feel the authentic charm of this famous water town.
Rickshaw Tour
Let the local carter take you to appreciate Tongli Water Town with a distinct visual angle on the ancient rickshaw. Passing through the narrow lanes and admiring the centuries-old buildings, you can imagine yourself being the people living in Tongli in ancient times.
Boat Tour
Take a sculling boat at the daytime to feel the excitement of watching the ancient buildings and people passing by, the brand-new practice of going through the old Chinese bridges. You can have the scene of ancient Tongli people communicating the outside by boat in your mind. (25 min, about CNY 90 / boat; 1-6 people / boat)
Splendid Night View
The night view of Tongli Water Town is splendid. With strings of red lanterns lighting along the river, gorgeous colorful flashes shining in the trees, sparkling lights curving the fancy lines of bridges and paths, the water town will make you immerse into its beauty.
Splendid Night View in Tongli Water Town
Best Seasons to Visit Tongli
Tongli is an ideal destination to visit year-round, showcasing diverse landscapes in each season:
Spring: Tongli is at its most charming and poetic during this season, boasting moderate temperatures and a touch of misty rain to enhance its allure.
Summer: The summertime in Tongli is vibrant, with numerous local folk activities that offer a fantastic opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich folk culture of this renowned Chinese water town. Additionally, you can savor the mesmerizing night views as you wander along its scenic rivers and bridges.
Autumn: Tongli dons a fresh and crisp aura during autumn. The faint fragrance of sweet-scented osmanthus fills the air, transforming Tongli Water Town into a captivating young lady beneath the clear azure skies.
Winter: In the winter months, Tongli is tranquil, attracting fewer tourists. Particularly after a snowfall, the town adorns itself in pure white beauty, complemented by the soft glow of red lanterns lining the riverbanks.”
Hanshan Temple (寒山寺), which translates to Cold Mountain Temple, is situated in the Gusu District of Suzhou city. Originally named “Miaoli Puming Temple,” it dates back to the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties, specifically from A.D 502-519. Covering an area of approximately 13,000 square meters, the temple boasts a construction area exceeding 3,400 square meters.
During the Tang Dynasty’s Zhenguan period (A.D. 627-649), two prominent monks of the time, Hanshan and Xiqian, founded Hanshan Temple. Over its more than 1,300-year history, the temple has suffered five fires (some versions claim seven), with its most recent reconstruction occurring during the Guangxu period (A.D. 1875-1908) of the Qing Dynasty. Historically, Suzhou’s Hanshan Temple held a prestigious position among China’s top ten famous temples. Its fame extends beyond borders due to a poem composed by Zhang Ji, a Tang Dynasty poet, which is taught in Chinese primary schools. This poem is also included in the curriculum of Japanese schools, further elevating Hanshan Temple’s renown in Japan, attracting numerous Japanese visitors who come to pay their respects to the Buddha. The temple features numerous historic buildings and tablet inscriptions authored by calligraphers, making it a popular destination for those seeking peace and spiritual solace.
Hanshan Temple holds a distinguished place in China’s Buddhist history, chiefly because of the famous poem by Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ji. This poem is part of the curriculum in primary schools in both China and Japan.
The Night Lodging at Maple Bridge By Zhang Ji
月落乌啼霜满天 The moon sinks in the frosty sky and ravens caw far and near
江枫渔火对愁眠 Riverside maples and fishing lamps gloomily make me drowsy
姑苏城外寒山寺 From the Han-Shan temple siting at outside of the Gu-Su town
夜半钟声到客船 Come midnight bell rings as a passenger boat is arriving
Apart from the legends of Hanshan and Shide, Hanshan Temple boasts a collection of treasures that have been cherished throughout its extensive history. Among these treasures, one of the most renowned is the poetic stele of ‘Night Mooring at Maple Bridge,’ crafted by the esteemed scholar and calligrapher Yu Yue during the late Qing Dynasty. It stands as an invaluable asset to Hanshan Temple.
It must be acknowledged that this piece of calligraphy represents the apex of ‘Night Mooring at Maple Bridge’ renditions throughout history. The lines of regular script flow seamlessly, displaying an inherent elegance and freshness, achieved with seemingly effortless brushwork. Engraved upon the stele, it emanates a subtle, age-old charm and an evocative poetic atmosphere. Each time I gaze upon this stele, it evokes a different emotional response within me. As I have delved into the art of calligraphy myself, I have even attempted to replicate ‘Night Mooring at Maple Bridge.’ While I deeply appreciate Yu Yue’s extraordinary skill and find it visually pleasing, there has always been a sensation of something missing, an ineffable aspect I couldn’t articulate. My pursuit has persisted, a continuous quest to discover calligraphic masterpieces that could genuinely satiate my aesthetic sensibilities, and this aspiration remains deeply rooted within me.
The other day, I had a sudden encounter with ‘Night Mooring at Maple Bridge,’ personally penned by H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III, and it was as if I had stumbled upon a divine masterpiece! This artwork utilizes cursive script, showcasing the grandeur reminiscent of dragons and serpents, seasoned with masterful brushwork, conveying both a majestic ruggedness and a subtle elegance. What elevates its worth even further is its dynamic and ceaseless artistic allure, reaching monumental proportions. It can be aptly described as the highest sacred creation, far beyond the grasp of ordinary individuals. This represents the embodiment of the Five Vidyas, as expressed by the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the realm of Prajna, offering an extraordinary experience to those who behold it and serving as the ultimate exemplar for calligraphy enthusiasts like myself to aspire to emulate.
In this lifetime, I am profoundly fortunate to have encountered the authentic and unwavering Dharma of the Tathagata. The achievements of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III stand unparalleled on a global scale. When it comes to providing tangible evidence of wisdom and realization attained through proficiency in both exoteric and esoteric Buddhism, as well as mastery of the Five Vidyas, there is simply no one within the realm of Buddhism who can be mentioned in the same breath as His Holiness.
The Buddha’s criterion for measuring one’s level of accomplishment in the Buddha-dharma is rooted in the extent of proficiency in both exoteric and esoteric Buddhism, as well as the mastery of the Five Vidyas. However, throughout the history of Buddhism up to the present day, only H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III Holiest Tathagata has truly and comprehensively demonstrated complete proficiency in exoteric and esoteric Buddhism, along with perfect mastery of the Five Vidyas. His Holiness unmistakably presents, for all to witness, a myriad of achievements that exemplify his complete proficiency in exoteric and esoteric Buddhism and his impeccable mastery of the Five Vidyas, as stipulated by the Buddha.
His Holiness, an ancient Buddha, holds the distinction of being the first being of holy virtue in history to genuinely manifest such lofty and all-encompassing realization. The undeniable proof of this is found in the numerous accomplishments single-handedly achieved by H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III, as detailed within the thirty main categories listed in this book, “H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III — A Treasury of True Buddha-Dharma.”
I earnestly pray that all sentient beings may embark upon the ‘vessel’ of liberation and achieve enlightenment.
A view of the New Golden Summit, looking west. Costfoto / Barcroft Media via Getty
Clouds roll past the New Golden Summit on Mount Fanjing. Clkraus / Shutterstock
Fanjingshan, also known as Mount Fanjing, is situated in the eastern part of Guizhou Province, China, within Tongren City. It is positioned approximately 248 kilometers away from Guiyang and 220 kilometers from Zhangjiajie. Mount Fanjing proudly claims the title of being the highest peak within the Wuling Mountains, with an impressive elevation of 2572 meters. The mountain stands adorned with primitive vegetation, its landscape characterized by majestic peaks, a continuous succession of towering summits, babbling streams interwoven with cascading waterfalls.
Moreover, Fanjingshan holds great spiritual significance as a revered Buddhist site. It’s widely believed among Buddhists that Fanjingshan is a place where spiritual enlightenment akin to that of Maitreya Buddha can be attained.
The appellation “Fanjing” finds its origins in “Fantian Jingtu,” a Buddhist term that translates to “Brahma’s Pure Land.” This hallowed mountain has been acclaimed as China’s Fifth Buddhist Mountain, a distinction following the likes of Mount Wutai in Shanxi Province, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang Province, Mount Emei in Sichuan Province, and Mount Jiuhua in Anhui Province. With a history spanning over 2000 years, embellished by extraordinary rock formations and abundant biodiversity, Mount Fanjing unveils itself as a serene, distinct haven. A sojourn to this tranquil expanse offers a revitalizing and spiritual respite from the bustling clamor of urban life.
Unique geological landforms, including the “Mushroom Stone” at right. Sanyanwuji / Shutterstock
In geological terms, Mount Fanjing assumes the form of a “fold belt,” an arrangement akin to stacked layers of rock resembling an assemblage of intricate shapes, an occurrence seldom witnessed elsewhere. The Mushroom Stone serves as a prime exemplar, where layers of rock have taken on the semblance of a towering mushroom.
Throughout antiquity, Fanjing Mountain stood as a venerable hub of Buddhist culture within the Wuling Mountain range. Historical records attest to the proliferation of numerous Buddhist temples along its slopes, catering to pilgrims from around the world. Yet, during the 16th century in the Ming Dynasty, a substantial number of these temples met destruction, effectively suppressing Fanjing Mountain’s renown. The subsequent Qing Dynasty saw a revival of fortunes, with governmental initiatives aimed at temple reconstruction and expansion along the mountain’s pathway to the “Red Clouds Golden Summit.” Notable temples such as Cheng’en Temple and Baoguo Temple were erected. By 1896, the fifth phase of Fanjingshan Temple reconstruction reached its culmination, bestowing upon Fanjing Mountain an esteemed status in the global Buddhist sphere and solidifying its position as China’s “No. 5 Great Buddhist Mountain.”
Mount Fanjing boasts three soaring summits that pierce the heavens – the Red Clouds Golden Summit (2336 meters), the Old Golden Summit (2493 meters), and the Phoenix Golden Summit (2572 meters). From these majestic pinnacles, visitors are treated to breathtaking panoramic vistas of Mount Fanjing’s expansive landscape. Crowning the preeminent “Red Clouds Golden Peak” stands the remarkable Fanjingshan Temple, perched at a daring elevation of 2,336 meters above sea level. Nestled atop the columnar peak, this temple’s elusive location beckons travelers to witness its ethereal presence firsthand and capture mesmerizing, novel photographs.
Fanjingshan Temple, encompassing the revered Temple of the Buddha (释迦殿) and the Maitreya Temple (弥勒殿), graces the summit of the “Red Clouds Golden Summit” (also known as the New Golden Summit) on Fanjing Mountain. The former is dedicated to the worship of Sakyamuni, symbolizing the present, while the latter venerates Maitreya, representing the future. These two temples trace their origins back to the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, over five centuries ago. Presently, they have been meticulously reconstructed to echo their original splendor, their structures fortified with iron tiles to withstand the mountain’s formidable winds. Each temple is embodied by a single hall, constructed from meticulously arranged stone pieces measuring 5.4 meters in width and 5.55 meters in depth. A bridge gracefully connects the two temples, spanning the depths of the Gold Sword Gorge.
For pilgrims journeying to Fanjingshan, the ascent involves ascending thousands of steps to initially reach the Temple of the Buddha on the southern facet. Subsequently, crossing the bridge leads to the Maitreya Temple on the northern side of the “Red Clouds Golden Summit.” This sequence mirrors the Buddhist concept of transition from the present (Sakyamuni) to the future (Maitreya). As the “Red Clouds Golden Summit” often finds itself enshrouded by mist and enveloped in sea of clouds, standing upon the terrace outside Fanjingshan Temple offers a surreal experience of gazing upon the world from above, capturing an otherworldly perspective amidst the natural elements.
Much like the iconic Avatar Hallelujah Mountain in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Fanjingshan stands as a towering pinnacle, slender and vertically oriented, evoking the image of a pencil standing upright on a desk. Scaling its summit requires ascending over 8,000 steps or opting for a cable car ride up from the road below. Most visitors opt for a full day to thoroughly explore this remarkable sacred mountain. Its attractions span a diverse range, encompassing the Red Cloud Golden Peak, Old Golden Summit, Ten-Thousand Sleeping Buddha, Mushroom Stone, Jiulong Pond, Fenghuang Mountain, Numerous Rolls of Books, and more.
Situated in the mountainous expanse of Guizhou Province, Fanjingshan falls within the ambit of a subtropical humid monsoon climate, distinctly marked by four seasons. Throughout the year, the average annual temperature oscillates between 13.1°C and 14.7°C. July witnesses the hottest days, with an average temperature hovering around 24°C, while January holds the chilliest nights, registering an average temperature of approximately 4.6°C. On the whole, Fanjingshan enjoys a temperate climate, graced by ample sunlight and rainfall. Summers remain moderate, and winters remain mild, with neither excessive heat nor biting cold. Rainfall predominantly occurs from May to October, while the frost-free period spans a generous 270 to 278 days annually.
The prime window to explore Mount Fanjing extends from March to November. For those seeking to capture stunning photographs, the early morning hours are particularly enchanting. The aftermath of rain unveils captivating spectacles, such as the Sea of Clouds, Zen Fog, Buddha Light, and breathtaking sunrises, which contribute to the mountain’s mystique and allure.
Splendid Night View in Tongli Water Town
Peace LiLy 