The Monk Who Remembered His Past Lives: A Tale of Karma, Awakening, and Renewal

In the Tang Dynasty, there lived a monk named Jian Kong (Venerable “Mirror-of-Emptiness”), who in his previous life had been a diligent spiritual practitioner. Yet after reincarnating, he was born not as a monk, but as a poor scholar—one who, despite twenty long years of effort, could not pass the imperial examinations. He had no money, no connections, and often struggled even to find a simple meal. Hunger followed him like a shadow.

One day, after days of near-starvation, he set out toward a nearby temple, hoping to find something—anything—to eat. But halfway there, by the side of a river, his strength gave out completely. Weighed down by exhaustion and despair, he collapsed on the riverbank and began to cry. He was already around forty-five years old, and life felt unbearably harsh.

As he wept, a Brahmin monk suddenly appeared before him, radiant and calm.

Venerable Dharma Master,” the monk said, “are you satisfied with the taste of wandering through worldly life?

The scholar was startled.
Satisfied? It has been nothing but suffering! But I am a layman—why do you call me “Dharma Master”? That title doesn’t belong to me.

The Brahmin monk smiled gently.
You are starving and confused now, so you’ve forgotten everything.

He reached into his bag and took out a large, fist-sized date.
“This is a special fruit from my homeland. Eat it. Then you’ll understand.”

The scholar ate the date. Sleepiness washed over him at once, and he lay down beside the river. When he awoke, something astonishing had occurred—
his entire past life came flooding back.

He remembered that he, the Brahmin monk standing before him, and three others had all been fellow practitioners in their previous lives. Filled with emotion, he asked:

What about Monk Zhen? How is he doing in this life?

The Brahmin monk replied, “In his past life he had not yet cut off worldly attachments, nor had he achieved realization. In this life, he has become a monk again in Sichuan. He has now completely severed his desire for fame and fortune. He will attain accomplishment in this very life.

The scholar asked about another of their five companions.
And Master Shen? What about him?
His wishes remain unfulfilled,” the monk answered.

Then he asked about the third companion, Master Wu.
The monk sighed gently:
You know him. In our past life, he once joked before a stone Buddha statue: ‘If I cannot attain supreme enlightenment, then at least let me become a mighty nobleman.’
Well, his vow has come true. Just yesterday, I heard he was appointed a general. He has completely forgotten he was once a monk.*”

Finally, the Brahmin monk turned to him and said:

Among the five of us, I alone have attained liberation. And you—of all of us—you alone have fallen to such a state that you cannot even find enough food to fill your stomach.

The scholar was bewildered.
In my past life,” he said, “for decades I ate only one meal a day and wore one tattered robe for over thirty years. I practiced diligently and lectured on the Dharma tirelessly. I was a well-known Dharma Master. How could my karma now be so miserable?

The Brahmin monk answered with unmistakable compassion:

Yes, you cultivated hard. But when you taught the Dharma, you often mixed in ideas from Daoist and other non-Buddhist teachings. This confused your listeners. You also held back special teachings out of stinginess, unwilling to share them openly. And although you kept the precepts, you broke them in many subtle ways. Given all this, your current life’s hardship is already a fortunate result.

Hearing this, the scholar felt deep remorse and sadness. But instead of despair, a new resolve arose within him.

He vowed to renounce worldly life and become a monk once more.

Seeing his sincerity, the Brahmin monk took out a mystical mirror from his bag.
In it, the scholar saw with clarity:

  • his own past lives,
  • the karmic results of all beings’ actions,
  • even the future rise and fall of the Dharma.

The mirror was said to be like the Seven-Jewel Trees of the Pure Land, which reveal the karmic truths of the universe with perfect brightness.

With this profound vision, his conviction became unshakable.
He immediately entered monastic life, practiced with genuine diligence, and in time became a highly respected and accomplished master.

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The Relaxation of Thoughts

The Relaxation of Thoughts

Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu

Once, the Blessed One resided in Savatthi, at Jeta’s Grove in Anathapindika’s monastery. Addressing the assembly of monks, he spoke, “Monks!”

Respectfully, the monks replied, “Yes, Lord.”

The Blessed One shared guidance on cultivating a focused mind, highlighting five essential themes for monks to consider at the appropriate times.

Firstly, if unwholesome thoughts arise during meditation, connected to desire, aversion, or delusion, the monk should shift attention to a different theme associated with what is skillful. By doing so, the disturbing thoughts subside, allowing the monk to steady, settle, unify, and concentrate the mind.

If, despite this shift, unskillful thoughts persist, the monk should examine the drawbacks: recognizing them as unskillful, blameworthy, and causing stress. Through this scrutiny, the undesirable thoughts fade away, and the monk attains mental steadiness.

In the rare case that unwholesome thoughts persist, the monk should practice indifference, paying no mind to them. By disregarding these thoughts, the monk frees the mind from their influence and achieves concentration.

Should the unskillful thoughts persist even with indifference, the monk is advised to focus on relaxing thought-fabrication concerning those thoughts. This practice enables the abandonment of the troublesome thoughts and promotes mental stability.

In the event that unwholesome thoughts persist during the relaxation of thought-fabrication, the monk is encouraged to employ a more forceful approach. With teeth clenched and tongue pressed against the roof of the mouth, the monk should beat down, constrain, and crush the unskillful thoughts with awareness. This resolute effort results in the abandonment of disturbing thoughts and the attainment of mental concentration.

A monk who successfully applies these methods is recognized as having mastery over thought sequences. Such a monk can choose to think or not think as desired, having severed craving and liberated themselves from the fetters. Through a deep understanding of conceit, they have reached the cessation of suffering and stress.

Upon hearing these teachings, the monks were gratified, finding delight in the Blessed One’s words.

The Relaxation of Thoughts

Link:https://peacelilysite.com/2024/01/14/the-relaxation-of-thoughts/

#Budhism #BuddhistTeaching #Relaxation#Meditation #Monk #MentalConcentration

Li Shutong: From Prodigy to Monk – A Journey Beyond Wealth and Artistry

Master Hongyi (弘一大师, October 23, 1880 – October 13, 1942) was originally named Li Shutong (李叔同) and was born into a prosperous family in the bustling northern city of Tianjin on October 23, 1880. The family, originally hailing from Hongdong County, Shanxi, had relocated to Tianjin during the Ming Dynasty.

Li Shutong’s grandfather, a prosperous banker and salt merchant, and his father, Li Shizhen (李世珍), a scholar deeply immersed in Chan Buddhism and the teachings of Ming Neo-Confucian philosopher Wang Yangming (1472-1529), reflected the family’s intellectual and financial standing.

In contrast, Li Shutong’s mother had a modest upbringing as the daughter of a farmer in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province. She became Li Shizhen’s fourth wife in their multi-courtyard household, marrying him at the age of 20 when he was 68.

Tragically, Master Hongyi’s father passed away when he was just four years old. Subsequently, his mother faced challenges in maintaining her position within the complex dynamics of the household while residing under her eldest son’s roof. Fortunately, Li Shutong found support from two of his elder half-brothers during his early years, allowing him to access a quality education and a firm foundation in the Confucian classics.

The young Li Shutong mastered the art of calligraphy and after his ordination as Master Hongyi, he continued to engage in this artistic tradition. This calligraphy, produced during the period of his life when he was known as Master Hongyi, reads from right to left “Zijing Qixin” (自净其意). It means “to cleanse one’s mind” and is an extract from a famous verse

Influenced by his formative experiences, Li Shutong eloquently expressed a profound perspective on life through poetry at the tender age of 15, capturing the fleeting nature of wealth and honor: “Life is truly like the setting sun on the western hills; wealth and nobility are as transient as frost on the grass.” His personal life, marked by an unconventional marriage, served as a poignant reflection of the internal conflict between societal expectations and his genuine affections.

Li Shutong’s participation in the Hundred Days’ Reform and subsequent rumors prompted his relocation to Shanghai, where he thrived in the dynamic literary scene. Becoming a prominent figure in Shanghai’s cosmopolitan lifestyle, he joined the Chengnan Wenshe and co-founded the “Five Friends of Tianya.”

His impact extended beyond literature. Collaborating with the painter Ren Bonian, he established the Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Association, marking a pivotal moment in Chinese art history. Li Shutong’s engagement in Liyuan activities showcased his versatility as a performer in plays such as “Bai Shuitan” and “Huang Tianba.”

Li Shutong’s literary repertoire included numerous poems and songs, among them the renowned poem “Farewell” (《送别》, Song Bie), which later inspired the widely sung “The Farewell Song” (《送别歌》, Song Bie Ge).

The Farewell Song

Outside the long pavilion, along the ancient route, fragrant green grass joins the sky,
The evening wind caressing willow trees, the sound of the flute piercing the heart, sunset over mountains beyond mountains.

          At the brink of the sky, at the corners of the earth,                 my familiar friends wander in loneliness and far from home,
          One more ladle of wine to conclude the little happiness that remains;      don’t have any sad dreams tonight.

Li Shutong’s charcoal drawing titled ‘Maiden’
“A Half-naked Woman” by Li Shutong, collected by CAFA Art Museum, China

However, Li Shutong’s life underwent a profound transformation. Confronted with personal and financial challenges, he voluntarily entered a self-imposed exile in Japan. The success of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 further complicated his circumstances, resulting in financial ruin. Undeterred by these setbacks, Li Shutong maintained composure and supported his family by teaching in Tianjin and Shanghai.

His teaching career, notably at Zhejiang First Teachers’ College, left an indelible mark. Li Shutong played a pivotal role in introducing Western painting to China, earning him the title of the forefather of Chinese oil painting. As the first Chinese art educator to incorporate nude models in his painting classes and introduce Western music to China, his influence was far-reaching. Some of his personally groomed students, including contemporary Chinese artist, educator, and musician Feng Zikai (丰子恺), and Singaporean artist Chen Wenxi (陳文希), went on to become accomplished artists in their own right. His impact on students, such as the renowned painters Pan Tianshou and Shen Benqian, underscored his lasting influence.

During this period, Li Shutong delved deeper into Buddhism. In 1916, he embarked on a 21-day fast at a temple in Hangzhou to experience aspects of the spiritual path. This experience prompted his decision to embrace the ordained life, leading to his monastic vows at Hupao Temple. His disciplined lifestyle, which included fasting therapy for deeper insights, marked a significant spiritual transformation.

Li Shutong’s transition from a worldly existence to a monk, detailed in a letter to his second wife, Yu, reflected his detachment from transient fame and wealth. His decision to leave behind a worldly life for monastic vows occurred only a month after joining the Order. He was known by the monastic names Yanyin (演音) and Hongyi (弘一) after undergoing full ordination rites at Lingyinsi, the largest monastery in Hangzhou.

His departure, though painful for those close to him, exemplified Master Hongyi’s profound understanding of Buddhism. In a conversation with his second wife, he elucidated the nature of love, defining it as compassion, aligned with Buddhist teachings that emphasize letting go of attachment and cultivating compassion.

Master Hongyi’s transformation from the proud and arrogant Li Shutong to a humble and receptive teacher was evident in his approach to teaching Dharma. Contrary to expectations of flawless mastery, Master Hongyi sought feedback from student monks and welcomed constructive criticism without defending himself.

By early 1942, the toll of austerities and fasts began affecting Master Hongyi’s health, and by mid-May, his condition deteriorated rapidly.

The paranirvana of Master Hongyi

Three days before his passing at Busi Temple in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, on October 13, 1942, Master Hongyi inscribed his final calligraphic strokes, creating the work known as “Sorrow and Joy Comingle,” “Worldly Sorrows and Joy Are Intertwined,” or “Sorrow or Joy Are Inextricably Bound to Each Other” (《悲欣交集》, Beixin jiaoji).

Master Hongyi’s philosophical framework posited three distinct stages in human life: material, intellectual, and spiritual. The material phase pertains to mundane existence, the intellectual phase characterizes the life of ordinary intellectuals, while the spiritual phase encompasses the religious realm.

Material, intellectual, spiritual; beauty, profundity, deity. These concepts are intricately tied to the principles of abstinence, composure, and wisdom in Buddhism.

Abstinence, in this context, denotes the renunciation of materialistic pursuits. Composure signifies the practice of deep meditation—tranquil and remote—a path that ultimately leads to the attainment of wisdom. The imagery of Venerable Hongyi experiencing both sorrow and joy (欣) symbolizes the dynamic interplay between these various dimensions of life.

Li Shutong: From Prodigy to Monk – A Journey Beyond Wealth and Artistry

Link:Li Shutong: From Prodigy to Monk – A Journey Beyond Wealth and Artistry

Source: https://www.tsemrinpoche.com/tsem-tulku-rinpoche/great-lamas-masters/master-hongyi-the-maverick-patriarch-of-the-chinese-buddhism.html