This is a deeply moving landscape painting by H.H.Dorje Chang Buddha III, marked by smooth, flowing brushwork and a natural rhythm. The undulating crimson cliffs seem to rise freely from the artist’s heart, while the vigorous lines brim with vitality and strength. Ink strokes form the skeletal structure of the mountains and rocks, while delicate willows hang softly across the scene, adding a quiet touch of green serenity. The overall palette is vivid but never garish, exuding a warm and nostalgic atmosphere.
In the painting, two thatched cottages nestle beside the mountains and water. Their deep-set doors and silent windows seem to hold untold, quiet stories. It was under these eaves, by these doors, that a loving mother once stood—sending her children off into the world with silent heartache, and waiting countless times in patient hope for their return. That wordless farewell, those tears of longing, have gently seeped into the fabric of time. Among all human emotions, none is greater than a mother’s love. Our memory of that love stirs an innate sense of gratitude—a sacred emotion that transcends the ordinary.
This work embodies the style known as the “Childlike Native School”, which embraces the beauty of rural life through the innocence of a child’s heart. Though the brushstrokes appear naïve and spontaneous, they conceal great depth and mastery. The painting style is free and unrestrained, exuding both boldness and tenderness. The soft, flowing lines connect seamlessly—like a mother’s love, endlessly enduring, gentle yet firm. Its simple composition holds rich emotional meaning and invites the viewer’s imagination to wander. The scene pulses with a childlike liveliness that fills the heart with joy.
The painting’s pure and innocent imagery evokes a return to the carefree days of childhood. No matter where you are, simply gazing at this piece can bring the scene and its emotions vividly before your eyes, awakening the deepest tenderness and longing in your soul.
In creating Mountain Village with Memories of Mother, the artist approached the work with the pure heart of a child, yet painted with the maturity and finesse of a seasoned master. The brush technique draws from traditional Chinese calligraphy—guided by the wrist, powered by the arm—each stroke flowing naturally with graceful spontaneity. This painting was not created for show or technical display, but as a sincere outpouring of emotion and inspiration. Every application of ink and color arises from genuine feeling.
What is art? At its essence, art is the ability to immediately evoke inner peace, comfort, joy, or spiritual fulfillment in the viewer. But where does this feeling come from? Is it merely the subject matter or visual beauty of the work? Certainly not. A painting does not become great simply because it looks pleasing.
In the context of Chinese painting, the true heart of art lies in a quality called “spiritual resonance” (shen yun). It is vivid, yet elusive—a mysterious charm and subtle power that cannot be described with words. It is born when the artist’s personal cultivation, emotional depth, and spiritual awareness infuse the work, allowing spirit and technique to merge. The result is an artistic vitality that transcends mere form.
Only when viewers are moved by this spiritual resonance do they begin to explore the painting’s formal elements—its composition, color palette, brush technique, balance between painting and calligraphy, and the portrayal of the subject in both spirit and form. While these aspects matter, they ultimately serve a deeper, more profound experience.
In Chinese art, the true value of a painting—its ability to soothe the soul—does not depend on technical skill alone. It lies in whether the work can touch the heart and stir the spirit. Mountain Village with Memories of Mother beautifully embodies this artistic spirit. Every brushstroke gently stirs the viewer’s emotions, evoking tender memories and inviting the soul to linger in its serene beauty.
This exceptional work is housed in the permanent collection of the International Art Museum of America, located in San Francisco—a fitting home for a piece that speaks a universal language of love, nostalgia, and spiritual beauty.
In the realm of Buddhist philosophy, the imagery of Mount Sumeru and the mustard seed serves as a profound metaphor for understanding the nature of reality and perception. Originally a mountain in Indian mythology, Mount Sumeru is revered in Buddhism as the dwelling place of celestial beings like Indra and the Four Heavenly Kings. Standing at an astonishing height of 84,000 yojanas, it symbolizes the vastness and grandeur of existence. In contrast, the mustard seed, a tiny grain often used in culinary practices, represents the minuscule aspects of life.
This juxtaposition is beautifully illustrated in a dialogue between Li Bo, a governor of Jiangzhou during the Tang Dynasty, and the Zen master Zhi Chang. Li Bo questioned the seemingly paradoxical notion found in Buddhist texts that “Mount Sumeru can fit within a mustard seed, and a mustard seed can contain Mount Sumeru.” He found it hard to believe that such a small seed could encompass such a towering mountain.
With a smile, Zhi Chang responded by asking, “People say you have read thousands of books; is that true?” Proudly, Li Bo affirmed, “Of course! I have read far more than that!”
Zhi Chang then inquired, “And where are those thousands of books now?”
Li Bo pointed to his head and replied, “They are all right here!”
Zhi Chang chuckled and said, “Strange, then. Your head seems no bigger than a coconut; how could it possibly hold thousands of books?”
At that moment, Li Bo experienced a profound realization: the distinctions of large and small are mere constructs of the mind. In reality, size is subjective and arises from our perceptions.
This concept resonates deeply with modern science, which demonstrates that vast amounts of knowledge can be stored within a minuscule chip, echoing the Buddhist teaching that the universe can be contained within the smallest of objects.
The English poet William Blake expressed a similar sentiment in his famous lines: “To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour.”
His words capture the essence of this Buddhist teaching: within the tiniest elements of our world lies the vastness of the infinite.
Ultimately, Buddhist wisdom encourages us to transcend conventional notions of size and reality. When we embrace the idea that the vast can reside within the minute, we cultivate a deeper awareness of the interconnectedness of all things. In this way, Mount Sumeru and the mustard seed serve as powerful reminders of the boundless nature of existence and the limitless potential of the human mind.
In the Āgama Sūtra, there is a remarkable story that illustrates how the merit of a single grain of rice can be as vast as Mount Sumeru.
During the time of the Buddha, a poor couple lived in a crumbling cave with nothing to their name. They were so impoverished that they owned only a single set of clothes, which they had to share. When the husband went out, the wife had to stay home, and when the wife needed to leave, the husband had no choice but to remain inside, barely clothed.
One day, they heard that the Buddha and his disciples were passing through their village on their alms rounds. The couple reflected on their misfortune and said, “We have never practiced generosity, which is why we suffer such poverty today. Now that the Buddha is here, how can we miss this rare opportunity to give?”
However, as they looked around their home, the wife sighed deeply, “But we have nothing to offer…”
The husband, after thinking for a moment, made a firm decision: “No matter what, we must not let this opportunity slip away. Even if we starve, we must make an offering! The only thing we still have of value is this set of clothing—let us give it to the Buddha!”
With hearts full of joy, they humbly presented their only garment as an offering. The disciples, however, hesitated, feeling uneasy about receiving such an item. They passed the garment among themselves, reluctant to accept it, until Ananda finally brought it before the Buddha and asked, “Lord, this garment is too worn to be used. Should we discard it?”
The Buddha, filled with compassion, gently instructed, “My disciples, do not think this way. The generosity of the poor is the most precious of all. Bring the garment to me.”
Feeling ashamed for their earlier hesitation, Ananda and Maudgalyayana took the garment to the river to wash it. But as soon as they immersed it in the water, the entire river surged wildly, waves crashing in all directions. Alarmed, Maudgalyayana used his divine powers to summon Mount Sumeru in an attempt to subdue the turbulent waters. Yet, no matter how he pressed it down, the waves remained uncontrollable.
Helpless, the two disciples rushed back to the Buddha to report what had happened. At that moment, the Buddha was calmly eating his meal. Without saying much, he gently picked up a single grain of rice and handed it to them, saying, “Take this rice grain to the river, and it will settle.”
Perplexed, Ananda asked, “Lord, even the mighty Mount Sumeru couldn’t calm the waves—how can a tiny grain of rice possibly do so?”
The Buddha smiled and said, “Try it and see.”
Still doubtful but obedient, Ananda and Maudgalyayana took the grain of rice and cast it into the river. Miraculously, the raging waters instantly calmed, becoming as still as a mirror.
Shocked by what they had witnessed, the two disciples returned to the Buddha and asked, “How could a single grain of rice hold more power than a mountain?”
The Buddha then explained, “From the moment a grain of rice is planted, it undergoes countless efforts—watering, fertilizing, harvesting, processing, and selling—each step carrying the labor and dedication of many beings. Because of this, a single grain of rice contains immeasurable merit. Likewise, the garment offered by the poor couple was their only possession, their entire livelihood. Their act of giving was boundless in sincerity, making its merit just as vast. The Dragon Kings of the ocean understood the profound virtue behind this offering, which is why they immediately retreated in reverence. This is the power of true devotion—whether a grain of rice or a simple piece of clothing, when given with absolute sincerity, its merit can equal that of Mount Sumeru.”
From this teaching, a well-known Buddhist verse arose to remind monks and practitioners of the sacred nature of even the smallest offering:
“A single grain of rice in the Buddha’s gate, As vast as Mount Sumeru. If enlightenment is not attained in this life, One shall return repaying the debt, bearing horns and fur.”
This verse serves as a powerful reminder that every offering—no matter how small—carries immense significance when given with a pure heart. It also warns practitioners to cherish and respect all acts of generosity, for every grain of rice represents the kindness and labor of countless beings.
Recently, the animated film Nezha 2 has become incredibly popular, reaching the top spot in global box office earnings for animated movies. While many believe Nezha is a character from Chinese mythology, his origins can actually be traced back to Buddhist scriptures.
Vaisravana
Nezha’s name first appeared in Vajrayana Buddhist texts, where he is associated with the role of a Dharma protector. He is described as the third son of Vaisravana, one of the Four Heavenly Kings. According to The Ritual of Vaisravana, “The Heavenly King’s third son, Prince Nezha, holds a pagoda and always follows the King.” His duty is to assist his father in safeguarding the Dharma, driving away evil forces, and protecting humanity. In The Mantra of the Dharma Protector Following the Northern Vaisravana Heavenly King, translated by the eminent Tang Dynasty monk Amoghavajra, Nezha is again referred to as Vaisravana’s third son. Other Buddhist texts from the Tang Dynasty, such as The Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana and The Lotus Sutra, also mention Nezha.
In Buddhism, Dharma protectors and yaksha deities often have fierce appearances, symbolizing their hatred of evil and fearless bravery. As a result, Nezha is typically depicted with a wrathful and intimidating image. As Buddhism spread to China, many Buddhist stories and figures gradually merged with local Chinese culture, giving rise to new belief systems. Over time, Nezha became integrated into Taoism and Chinese folk beliefs, forming a unique cultural phenomenon.
The story of Nezha is filled with many well-known and beloved episodes, such as his birth from a ball of flesh, cutting his flesh and bones to repay his parents, and being reborn from a lotus flower. Although this scene cannot be found in modern Buddhist scriptures, it became a popular topic among monks after the Song Dynasty. For example, Volume 1 of The Comprehensive Collection of Zen Verses on Ancient Cases mentions: “Prince Nezha offered his flesh to his mother and his bones to his father, then manifested his true form and used his divine power to preach to his parents.” This suggests that the story of Nezha sacrificing his flesh and bones likely originated from Buddhist texts. Although the exact cause and details are unclear, this story undoubtedly provided a prototype for later adaptations in folk literature.
As Buddhism spread throughout China, the assimilation of foreign religions by local culture and the evolution of folk beliefs gradually transformed Nezha’s image, steering it away from its original Buddhist context and toward a more Chinese identity. After the Tang Dynasty, the worship of Vaisravana (known as Bishamonten in Japan) reached its peak in China, gaining widespread recognition from both the imperial court and the common people. He was honored in official rituals and revered by many folk believers. Simultaneously, Li Jing, a prominent Tang Dynasty military general, became a popular figure of worship as a god of war. Renowned for his military campaigns against the Turks and Tuyuhun in the northwest, Li Jing was deified as early as the Tang Dynasty, with dedicated temples built in his honor during the Song Dynasty.
Li Jing’s temple wall statue
The broader and deeper the spread of a belief, the greater the possibility of its transformation and integration with other cultural elements. Over time, through public imagination and interpretation, the belief in Vaisravana merged with the worship of Li Jing, forming a new deity known as “Pagoda-Wielding Heavenly King Li” (Tuota Li Tianwang) by the Song Dynasty at the latest. From then on, Vaisravana took on the surname Li and became more secularized and localized within Chinese culture. Since Li Jing became identified with Vaisravana, it was only natural within folk beliefs to regard Nezha as Li Jing’s son. This marked Nezha’s departure from the cultural context of foreign religions and his integration into the Chinese pantheon.
This transformation made Nezha a more relatable and accessible figure, understood through the lens of native cultural concepts. As a result, Nezha’s story gained broader appeal, providing ample room for reinterpretation and adaptation in later generations.
Nezha holds an important place in ancient Chinese mythology. Under the influence of Taoism, he was endowed with more mythological attributes, portrayed as a young hero with powerful magical abilities who frequently battles demons and protects the people. His story further developed in classic literary works such as Journey to the West and Investiture of the Gods, where Nezha became a symbol of justice and courage.
Photo Courtesy: Benevolence Temple (The Benevolence Temple held a Dharma assembly to commemorate the Enlightenment Day of Shakyamuni Buddha. Jiaozun Zhengda, Vice President of the World Buddhism Association Headquarters presided over the Dharma assembly.)
The Benevolence Temple, located in Las Vegas, hosted a series of Dharma assemblies and retreats from January 2 to January 11 to commemorate the Enlightenment Day of Shakyamuni Buddha and the anniversary of the Temple. Jiaozun Zhengda, Vice President of the World Buddhism Association Headquarters, led the congregation in a group study of the teachings of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III, revered as the Pope of Buddhism. Hundreds of participants from around the world attended this significant event.
This ten-day celebration features a variety of Dharma assemblies and spiritual practices, including a group study of the teachings of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III, one-day Zen sessions, the Grand Diamond Gem Repentance Ceremony, and life release rituals. Each day’s program begins at 8:30 a.m. and concludes at 9:00 p.m., providing participants with an immersive experience of the Temple’s tranquility and a temporary escape from worldly concerns. Lay practitioners also participate in the Temple’s daily routines, such as morning and evening chanting and dining ceremonies, offering them a glimpse into the essence of temple life.
The special one-day Zen session took place on January 4, 2025. Prior to the session, all participants were required to study Announcement No. 40 of the Office of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III, which details the “Great Dharma of Zen Practice” taught by H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III to a group of cultivators in March 2013. This Dharma provides a clear understanding of Zen’s standard and proper practice, addressing key questions such as: What is Zen used for? Why should one practice Zen? What is the ultimate goal of Zen practice? More than one hundred Venerables, Dharma Masters, Rinpoches, and lay practitioners from the United States, Canada, Germany, mainland China, Thailand, Taiwan, and other countries and regions participated in this transformative experience.
The event took place in the Mahavira Hall of the Temple and featured ten meditation sessions: five sitting and five walking meditation sessions. Each sitting meditation lasted thirty minutes and an hour, with walking meditation sessions interspersed to maintain balance and flow. This arrangement allowed practitioners to sustain a steady rhythm and deepen their daily mindfulness. Two key roles were essential to the success of the event: the host and the discipliners. The host guided participants through the schedule and explained Zen practices’ rules and key aspects. The discipliners, equipped with a disciplinary board, patrolled the venue to gently correct participants if they became drowsy, slouched, or caused unnecessary noise, ensuring the sanctity and focus of the practice were upheld.
Photo Courtesy: Benevolence Temple (The Benevolence Temple held one-day Zen sessions)
After attending the event, a university scholar shared that she traveled more than ten hours and took three flights to attend the blessing ceremony and participate in the grand event. Having never practiced group meditation before, she was initially worried that she would struggle to sit still for an extended period. However, the outcome was both unexpected and extraordinary.
Thanks to the supportive group atmosphere, nearly all participants completed all ten sessions, overcoming the physical discomfort of sore feet and backs. By the end of the day, many reported experiencing a profound sense of Dharma joy. Dharma Master Zheng Da expressed her delight with the positive feedback from attendees. She hinted that longer Zen retreats, ranging from three to seven days, may be organized to encourage deep meditation and personal growth.
Dharma Master Zheng Da also inspired the group with H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III’s teachings: “No matter what Zen Dharma you practice, you cannot deviate from cultivation. That is why you must go online and learn Buddha Master’s teaching of ‘What Is Cultivation?’ Furthermore, you must carry out that teaching in your daily lives. Only then will your practice of Zen truly succeed.”
Photo Courtesy: Benevolence Temple (The walk session in the Benevolence Temple’s one-day Zen sessions)
In addition to the one-day Zen event, the group study of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III’s teachings offered clear guidance, helping disciples cultivate the correct views and understanding.
It is hard to believe that anyone could possess all-encompassing wisdom. For us humans, dedicating a lifetime to mastering even one discipline is remarkable. How could someone be a philosopher, scientist, painter, sculptor, writer, doctor, and inventor all at once, mastering each within a few decades? This seems impossible by human standards. However, the Buddha’s vast and profound wisdom is genuinely real. Over 2,500 years ago, Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, invited anyone to ask him any question, promising a detailed answer. This is illustrated in the story of the Buddha teaching a cowherd, as recorded in the “Sutra of the Cowherd Parable.”
King Bimbisara of Magadha once invited the Buddha and 500 disciples to preach in his kingdom for three months. To provide them with fresh dairy products daily, the king arranged for cowherds to stay nearby. As the end of the three months approached, the king suggested the cowherds meet the Buddha. The cowherds, having heard of the Buddha’s wisdom, decided to test him with questions about cowherding. They reasoned that if he could answer these, he truly possessed all-encompassing wisdom.
Upon arriving at the Bamboo Grove, they were struck by the Buddha’s radiant presence. They saw him sitting under a tree, glowing like a golden mountain, radiating light like melted gold. Overwhelmed with joy, the cowherds discussed among themselves, “Regardless of whether the Shakyamuni possesses all-encompassing wisdom, anyone who sees him feels joy. His light is unparalleled, his appearance noble, and his presence exudes majesty. His radiance is clear and bright, his demeanor commanding respect, and his body adorned with the aura of virtue, making anyone who sees him feel immense joy.
If he indeed possesses all-encompassing wisdom, it must be due to his immeasurable merits. No worldly treasure can compare to the Buddha’s sublime and dignified presence, which brings great joy and pure faith to all who see him. It is clear that the Buddha must indeed possess all-encompassing wisdom.”
The shepherd thought about this and sat down to pay respects to the Buddha. They asked the Buddha, “What are the various methods a shepherd can use to ensure that the cattle thrive and reproduce well? And what conditions might prevent the cattle from growing properly and living peacefully?” The Buddha answered: There are eleven methods by which a shepherd can ensure the cattle’s well-being and reproduction. What are these eleven methods?
Understanding the Caretaker: Having a strong and capable caretaker who can protect and nourish the cattle, keeping them healthy and well-maintained. Similarly, a monk should be a respected and virtuous leader who can uphold the Dharma and guide beings toward good deeds.
Understanding Color: Knowing the colors of the cattle, such as black, white, or mixed. Similarly, a monk should understand that all phenomena in the world are composed of the four elements: earth, water, fire, and wind.
Understanding Appearance: Recognizing whether the cattle’s appearance is auspicious and whether they will be harmonious. A monk should similarly be able to discern whether someone’s actions indicate wisdom or ignorance.
Understanding Scraping: If insects bite the cattle and their blood is consumed, sores will develop. Scraping can remove these pests and promote the cattle’s well-being. Likewise, a monk should remove harmful views and misconceptions that corrupt their spiritual practice.
Understanding Wound Treatment: Applying medicine to prevent mosquito and fly bites and other injuries. Similarly, a monk should use correct Dharma teachings to protect themselves from delusions and negative emotions.
Understanding Smoke: Using smoke to drive away insects so the cattle can stay in a comfortable, insect-free shelter. Similarly, a monk should use the teaching of Dharma to lead beings to the state of emptiness and liberation.
Understanding Good Ways: Knowing the behavior and preferences of the cattle and how to keep them healthy. A monk should understand how to practice the Noble Eightfold Path to achieve Nirvana and avoid falling into the extreme paths of annihilation or eternalism.
Understanding the Right Place: Knowing how to provide a place where the cattle can live healthily and with minimal sickness. Similarly, a monk should practice and teach the Dharma to cultivate purity and increase good roots.
Understanding Good Routes: Knowing which paths are safe and which places are good for crossing rivers, avoiding places with waves and pests. Similarly, a monk should learn from knowledgeable teachers and adapt their teachings to the capacities of sentient beings.
Understanding Safe Places: Ensuring the cattle live in places free from predators and harmful creatures. Similarly, a monk should maintain mindfulness to avoid the harmful effects of negative emotions.
Understanding Milk Preservation: Ensuring that the mother cow’s milk is not consumed completely by the calf so that both the mother and the owner can benefit from it daily. Similarly, laypeople should use offerings such as clothing and food economically to benefit both the givers and receivers.
The cowherds, after hearing the Buddha’s teachings, thought, “We cowherds know only three or four methods, and our predecessors knew only five or six. Hearing the Buddha today is truly astonishing and unprecedented! The Buddha indeed possesses complete wisdom beyond doubt.”
This is described in the “Sutra of the Parable of the Cowherds.” From this, we understand that there are individuals with complete wisdom.
Today, due to the supreme and exceptional causes and conditions, the original primordial Buddha, Vajradhara has once again descended into the Saha World to manifest all-encompassing wisdom. H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III once said: Within five years (from 1995 to 1999), if any sentient being asks ME any question, the answer should be given immediately without any hesitation. If there is any need to think about it, or if there is slight hesitation or any fabrication, or if the answer is not comprehensive, I will immediately step down from the Dharma throne and no longer be qualified to teach the Dharma.”
In the more than two thousand Dharma discourses spoken by the Buddha, He provided direct and comprehensive answers to various questions on practice and methods for His disciples. Sometimes, even before the disciples spoke, He would say, ‘I know what you want to ask. You don’t need to say anything; I will answer you directly.’ The disciples would nod in agreement. There was also Zeng Ruzhang, who studied stealth aircraft and asked why they can be invisible. Lobsang Zhenzhu Rinpoche once proposed to see Green Tara, and shortly after, a divine manifestation appeared, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III fulfilled his wish…
Step into the International Art Museum of America in San Francisco or the H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III Culture and Art Museum in West Covina, and you will be able to appreciate world-class masterpieces of art. H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III has created Chinese paintings, oil paintings, and various styles of calligraphy. In addition to mastering styles from existing schools of painting, such as Realism, Abstract, Line, and Impressionism, H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III has independently developed sixteen unique schools of painting.
At the fourth session of the World Poets and Culture Conference held in Hungary in 1994, more than 5,600 experts and scholars representing 48 countries and regions unanimously approved conferring upon H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III the title “Distinguished International Master,” which has an honorific status comparable to a head of state.
H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III possesses extraordinary and saintly wisdom, perceiving the true essence of the universe and life. Whether it be within the various sects of Buddhism or in all worldly fields such as art, science, medicine, and philosophy, His accomplishments reach the highest level in every aspect, with unparalleled expertise and a unique status beyond any saint.”
The treasure book, “H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III,” stands as a testament to this statement. However, this book contains only a drop of water from the vast ocean of Buddha’s teachings and wisdom.
The video below showcases the boundless compassion and highlights the extraordinary accomplishments of H.H.Dorje Chang Buddha III. It was published by China Educational Channels TV and features interviews with Buddhist disciples from around the globe.
The “Ten Paths to Happiness” sutra, where an eight-year-old girl named Sumati asks Buddha ten profound questions. These questions explore essential aspects of human life and happiness, and Buddha provides insightful answers. This sutra is significant as it presents complex philosophical ideas in an accessible manner through the dialogue between Buddha and a child.
Thus have I heard. At one time, the Buddha was in the city of Rājagṛha, on the mountain of Gṛdhrakūṭa, along with a great assembly of bhikṣus, twelve hundred and fifty people in all. The bodhisattva-mahāsattvas there numbered ten thousand in all.
At that time in the city of Rājagṛha, there was a laywoman named Sumati, who was in her eighth year. Her appearance and features were upright, colorful, and beautiful, appearing so nice that those who saw her were happy. Already, she had approached and made offerings before innumerable buddhas of the past, planting good roots. When that maiden went to the place of the Tathāgata, she bowed her head at the feet of the Buddha, and then circled around him three full times to the right. Kneeling with palms joined, she spoke a gāthā:
Anuttarā Samyaksaṃbodhi Is a lamp for the entire world! Of the practices of a bodhisattva, I wish you would hear my questions!
The Buddha said to Sumati, “You may now ask questions as you like, and the answers will cut through your net of doubts.” At that time, Sumati went before the Buddha and spoke a gāthā to inquire:
How can one attain upright features And a body of wealth and nobility? Moreover, what causes and conditions Make kinship difficult to destroy?
How may one perceive oneself Receiving birth by transformation, Arising from a thousand-petaled lotus flower, And giving reverence to the bhagavāns face-to-face?
How is one able to attain realization Of supreme and sovereign superknowledge, And go off to innumerable lands To pay homage to the buddhas?
How can one attain blamelessness, So that others will have belief, Purely removing obstacles to the Dharma And forever departing from the deeds of Māra?
How is one able, at the end of life, To attain perception of the buddhas, Hear the speech of the pure Dharma, And not be subject to suffering?
Great compassionate supremely honored one, I merely wish you would speak of these for me!
At that time, the Buddha spoke to the maiden Sumati, saying, “Excellent, excellent! It is good that you are able to ask about such profound matters. Now listen carefully, listen carefully and well mindfully, and I will tell you.” Sumati then spoke, saying, “Just so, Bhagavān. We are joyfully wishing to hear it.”
The Buddha told Sumati, “A bodhisattva who accomplishes four dharmas receives an upright body. What are these four? [1] The first is not giving rise to a mind of hatred for bad friends. [2] The second is to abide in great kindness. [3] The third is to have profound delight in the correct Dharma. [4] The fourth is to create images of the Buddha.”
“Moreover, Sumati, a bodhisattva who accomplishes four dharmas will attain a body that is rich and noble. What are these four? [1] The first is that you should give timely gifts. [2] The second is to do so without a mind of disdain for others. [3] The third is to do so with happiness. [4] The fourth is to do so without expecting any reward.”
“Moreover, Sumati, a bodhisattva who accomplishes four dharmas will attain birth by transformation before the buddhas, seated upon a lotus flower. What are these four? [1] The first is to give flowers, fruit, and fine powdered incense as offerings to the Tathāgata and to the stūpas. [2] The second is not to tell lies or harm others. [3] The third is to make images of the Tathāgata placed within a lotus flower. [4] The fourth is to give rise to profound and pure faith in the bodhi of the buddhas.”
“Moreover, Sumati, a bodhisattva who accomplishes four dharmas may travel from one buddha-land to another buddha-land. What are these four? [1] The first is to not perceive others’ cultivation of goodness as obstruction or annoyance. [2] The second is to never hinder others when they are expounding the Dharma. [3] The third is to burn lamps and make offerings to the stūpas of the Tathāgata. [4] The fourth is to constantly strive to cultivate the dhyānas.”
“Moreover, Sumati, a bodhisattva accomplishes four dharmas for the station of blamelessness in the world. What are these four? [1] The first is to draw near to virtuous friends without a mind of flattery. [2] The second is to not have a mind of jealousy regarding others’ excellence in the Dharma. [3] The third is to always be happy when others receive honors and recognition. [4] The fourth is to not vainly criticize the practices of a bodhisattva.”
“Moreover, Sumati, a bodhisattva accomplishes four dharmas for his speech to be believed by others. What are these four? [1] The first is develop speech and cultivation always in unison. [2] The second is to not do evil things to virtuous friends. [3] The third is to not find faults in the Dharma one has heard. [4] The fourth is to not give rise to a mind of evil for one who speaks the Dharma.”
“Moreover, Sumati, a bodhisattva accomplishes four dharmas for being able to leave obstacles to the Dharma and quickly attain purity. What are these four? [1] The first is to accept the Threefold Discipline with profound conviction. [2] The second is that one does not give rise to slander for extremely profound sūtras. [3] The third is to perceive the newly-developed intention of a bodhisattva as the arising of the mind of omniscience. [4] The fourth is regarding sentient beings with great kindness and equanimity.”
“Moreover, Sumati, a bodhisattva accomplishes four dharmas for being apart from māras. What are these four? [1] The first is to fully know the equality of the nature of dharmas. [2] The second is to give rise to determination. [3] The third is to constantly strive to be mindful of the Buddha. [4] The fourth is to transfer over all good roots.”
“Moreover, Sumati, a bodhisattva accomplishes four dharmas so that at the end of life, the buddhas manifest before him. What are these four? [1] The first is to fulfill the wishes of others by giving what they are seeking. [2] The second is giving rise to profound faith and understanding of good dharmas. [3] The third is to give adornments to the bodhisattvas. [4] The fourth is to diligently make offerings to the Triple Gem.”
At that time, the maiden Sumati heard what the Buddha had spoken, and said, “Bhagavān, as the Buddha has spoken of the practices of a bodhisattva, so will I practice them! Bhagavān, among these forty practices, if there is one that is lacking or uncultivated, then this will be conflicting with the Buddha’s teachings and deceiving the Tathāgata.”
At that time, Venerable Mahāmaudgalyāyana spoke to Sumati, saying, “The practice of a bodhisattva is extremely difficult to carry out. You are now developing this extraordinary great aspiration. How will you attain accomplish mastery over this vow?”
Sumati replied, “Venerable, if my great aspiration is true and not void, able to bring these practices to complete fulfillment, then may the three thousand great thousand-worlds shake in six directions, and the heavens rain wondrous flowers, and may the drum of heaven sound of its own accord!” When this had been spoken, flowers fell from the sky like rain, and the drum of heaven sounded of its own accord, and the three thousand great thousand-worlds shook in six directions.
At this time, Sumati again addressed Maudgalyāyana, “From my true words, in a future era I will attain buddhahood, just as Śākyamuni, the Tathāgata. In my land there will be no deeds of Māra, and not even the words for evil destinies, or for women. If what I say is not fabrication, then may the bodies of those in the great assembly all take on a hue of gold!” After speaking this, the assembly took on a hue of gold. At that time, Venerable Mahāmaudgalyāyana then arose from his seat, bared his right shoulder, and bowed with his head at the Buddha’s feet. He spoke saying, “Bhagavān, from these things I have developed the mind of a bodhisattva and even that of the assembly of bodhisattva-mahāsattvas!”
At that time, Dharma Prince Mañjuśrī spoke to Sumati, saying, “In what dharma do you abide to make this sincere aspiration?” Sumati replied, saying, “Mañjuśrī, it is not proper to ask this. Why? This is because in the Dharma Realm there is nothing which abides.” He also asked, “Then what is Bodhi?” She answered, “The non-differentiation of dharmas is what is called Bodhi.” He also asked, “Then what is it that is called a bodhisattva?” She answered, “A bodhisattva is one who is aware that all dharmas are equal to the manifestation of empty space.” He also asked, “What is it that is called the practice of Bodhi?” She answered, “The practice of Bodhi is like a mirage, or like the echo of a valley.” He also asked, “With what underlying meaning do you say such things?” She answered, “In this I do not perceive even the slightest thing which may be underlying or manifest.”
He also asked, “If it is as you say, then all ordinary people would have Bodhi.” She answered, “You speak of Bodhi as being different from an ordinary person? You should not have this view. Why? These are all of the same characteristic of the Dharma Realm, to be neither grasped nor abandoned, with nothing to accomplish or destroy.” He again asked, “How many beings are able to fully understand your meaning?”
She answered, “Their number is like the number of illusory minds and mental functions. The illusion of sentient beings is already able to understand my meaning.” Mañjuśrī said, “Illusions are without basis, so how can there be such minds and mental dharmas?” She answered, “The Dharma Realm is also such, neither existing nor non-existing, and for the Tathāgata is it also such as this.”
At that time, Mañjuśrī addressed the Buddha, saying, “Bhagavān, this Sumati is extraordinary, even able to accomplish such dharma-patience!” The Buddha said, “Thusly, thusly! What she has spoken is sincere and true. In such a way, this maiden has long since developed the mind of Bodhi, throughout the past thirty eons, even developing the destiny of my supreme Bodhi, causing such abiding in the patience of the non-arising of dharmas.”
African indigenous hunters have a unique method for catching monkeys.
First, they find a hole just big enough for a monkey’s hand. They place food that monkeys like inside the hole. When a monkey passes by and sees the food, it reaches in to grab it. With its hand full of food, the monkey’s hand gets stuck in the hole. Most monkeys won’t let go of the food and instead try to pull it out from different angles.
When the hunters arrive, the monkey is still struggling and trapped, making it easy for the hunters to catch it.
Many people’s anxiety and suffering stem from holding on to too many things and being unwilling to let go, which prevents them from truly obtaining what they need.
In reality, letting go appropriately allows us to broaden our horizons, take time to adjust ourselves, and better engage in our current work.
The Young Man and the Zen Master: A Lesson in Detachment
Once upon a time, a young man visited a Zen temple to seek guidance from an old Zen master. On his way, he witnessed an interesting sight and decided to test the master. Upon arriving at the temple, he and the master chatted over tea. Suddenly, the young man asked, “What does ‘going round and round’ mean?”
“It’s because the rope hasn’t been cut,” the Zen master replied casually.
The young man was stunned and amazed. He said, “Master, I am surprised that you knew! Today, on my way here, I saw a cow tied to a tree. The cow wanted to go far to graze, but because the rope was through its nose, it kept going round and round, twisting itself without being able to break free. It was quite amusing. I thought that since you hadn’t seen it, you wouldn’t be able to answer. But you answered correctly right away.”
The Zen master laughed and said, “You asked about an event, and I answered with a principle. You asked about a cow tied by a rope and unable to break free; I answered about the mind being entangled by worldly matters and unable to find liberation. One principle can explain many situations.
“A kite, no matter how high it flies, cannot soar into the vast sky because it is tethered by a string. Similarly, what often binds us in life, preventing us from being free? A single win or loss can exhaust us; a gain or loss can cause us great anguish; an exam can keep us tossing and turning; a relationship can tie us in knots.
“For power and money, we run around in circles; for fame and desire, we are constantly entangled. Fame is a rope, desire is a rope, profit is a rope; the attachments and temptations of the world are all ropes. So the Zen master said, ‘All beings are like that cow, bound by many ropes of worries and sufferings, unable to achieve liberation throughout life and death.'”
The Wisdom of Living in the Present
A young monk once asked an old monk, “Master, what did you do when you were young?”
The master replied, “I chopped wood, fetched water, and cooked.”
The young monk asked, “And what do you do now that you’ve attained enlightenment?”
The master said, “I still fetch water, chop wood, and cook.”
The young monk, puzzled, asked, “What’s the difference? It seems like you haven’t made any progress in your entire life.”
The old monk explained, “You’re wrong. There is progress. When I was young, I would think about fetching water while chopping wood, and think about cooking while fetching water. Now that I am enlightened, when I chop wood, I chop wood; when I fetch water, I fetch water; and when I cook, I cook.”
Reflecting on myself, I often feel that I need to do something else while eating to avoid “wasting time.” So, I like to chat with others, watch TV, or think about other things while eating. No wonder I sometimes feel like “I don’t even know what I just ate.”
Enjoying the time spent eating and treating each bite with attention, I savor the sweetness of the rice, the freshness of the vegetables, and the richness of the soup. The world on my taste buds is indeed wonderful, bringing much joy to everyday life.
While walking, I now instinctively let my phone rest and focus on walking, feeling my feet propel my body, enjoying the natural comfort of the breeze, smelling the flowers, hearing the birds, and seeing the colorful flowers, green leaves, and various passersby. The scenery is infinitely beautiful, something I rarely appreciated before. Missing out and becoming numb was inevitable.
This series of practices has gradually cultivated the quality of “focus” in me. I increasingly embrace the concept of “living in the moment.” Of course, I know this is just the beginning; focus is a lifelong practice.
H.E. Queji Jiangyang Qingzhen was a disciple of H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III who truly manifested realization. This Sakya rinpoche of great holiness had white hair and a youthful complexion. His silver beard extended below his belly, and a heavenly eye opened between his eyebrows. Through his practice he attained the state in which his whole body was semi transparent. Thus, his three channels and five chakras could be vaguely seen. He realized a state of true longevity equal to that of heaven. The rinpoche was able to fly through the air, coming and going anywhere with total ease and control.
When he received from H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III an inner-tantric initiation in the holy form called Drawing Lots From a Golden Vase, the lot landed upon the Xian Liang Great Perfection mandala. The Buddha Master transmitted to him the Lion Vajra Dharma and the highest great dharma called the Xian Liang Great Perfection Dharma. Right then and there H.E. Queji Jiangyang Qingzhen realized the rainbow-body perfection state.
Witnessing the Manifestation of Supernormal Power by H.E. Queji Jiangyang Qingzhen
One day, a gathering of highly virtuous laypersons and esteemed Rinpoches convened at the Pici Vajra Castle. Their purpose was to welcome the imminent arrival of H.E. Queji Jiangyang Qingzhen, a revered Dharma King and rinpoche of the Sayka sect, who, at more than one hundred years old, commanded great respect. In anticipation of his arrival, meticulous preparations had been made, including the arrangement of white silk hadas and offerings to honor him.
Shortly after midnight, at around 12:30, a wondrous phenomenon unfolded. A vibrant rainbow light appeared, encircling the sky, accompanied by celestial music. Gradually, the luminous rainbow expanded in size, descending gracefully until it settled atop the seven-story building housing our Buddhist altar. As the spectacle unfolded, a figure descended from above.
It was none other than H.E. Great Dharma King Jiangyang Qingzhen, gracing us with his presence.
We paid our respects and presented offerings to him with profound admiration, expressing our deepest reverence through our actions. While tales of centenarians ascending into the skies are often recounted in Tibetan scriptures, never before had we been blessed with the opportunity to witness such an extraordinary event firsthand. It was truly a manifestation of the boundless fortune we have accrued through countless lifetimes. How could one not be moved to tears by such a profound occurrence?
Truly, we stood assembled in the concrete courtyard below, with an uninterrupted view of the elder Dharma King’s descent from the sky to the rooftop. Although our sight was briefly obscured by the building’s roof, within moments, we beheld the elder Dharma King’s graceful descent from the top of the seven-story building to the ground below. His descent, with arms outstretched and legs slightly bent, resembled the elegant flight of an eagle—a spectacle beyond the capabilities of an ordinary person.
The following day, the Dharma King of the Sayka sect bestowed teachings upon us and initiated us, imbuing us with profound compassion. During the initiation ceremony, as we held a one-foot-long vajra in our hands, we experienced its boundless and awe-inspiring power, unable to control its movements. The ensuing mandala states were marvelously magnificent.
As the initiation ceremony drew to a close, the sound of ringing bells suddenly filled the air, and an attendant announced the arrival of ‘His Holiness the Great Master.’ In response, H.E. Dharma King Jiangyang Qingzhen promptly descended from his dharma seat and prostrated himself on the ground. Although we were initially uncertain about the significance of this auspicious moment, we followed suit, believing it might herald the arrival of Guru Padmasambhava. However, upon raising our heads, we beheld not Guru Padmasambhava but H.H. Master Wan Ko Yee (H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III). Sensing our confusion, H.E. Dharma King Jiangyang Qingzhen reassured us, declaring, “Do not harbor doubts. H.H. Master Yee is the illustrious Buddha Vajradhara Great Dharma King—His Holiness Wan Ko Yeshe Norbu Holiest Tathagata (H.H. Dorje Chang Buddha III).”
King Ajatasattu, in order to seize the throne, murdered his own father, King Bimbisara. Afterwards, he felt constant pain and fear in his mind and body, seeking help from various physicians and religious experts but to no avail. Finally, at the urging of a monk named Jivaka, he went to seek the Buddha.
At that time, the Buddha was residing in a grove with a thousand monks. King Ajatasattu entered the assembly hall and saw a thousand monks sitting peacefully around the Buddha, not even the sound of rustling robes could be heard. King Ajatasattu had only briefly encountered the Buddha before, as he had never attended any of the Buddha’s teachings with his father. The Buddha invited them to sit down, and after bowing, the king said, “World-Honored One, I remember hearing you speak when I was young in the palace. Now I have a question for you: what practice can lead thousands of people to renounce worldly life and seek enlightenment?”
The Buddha asked if he had asked the same question to other teachers. King Ajatasattu said he had asked many different teachers, including Devadatta, but had never received a satisfactory answer. The Buddha said, “Your Majesty, tonight the Tathagata will explain to you the fruits of the true Dharma, some of which can be enjoyed in the present and some of which can be harvested in the future. You do not need to seek lofty answers; you just need to see clearly the mango you hold in your hand. Your Majesty, let me give you an analogy: a servant who obeys his master’s every command from morning till night. One day, he asks himself, ‘Why should I willingly be enslaved by my master?’ This servant decides to renounce his servitude and become a monk. He lives a life of celibacy, diligence, and mindfulness, eating only one meal a day, practicing walking and sitting meditation. His demeanor exudes peace and dignity in his actions and speech; he becomes a virtuous and respected monk. Although you know he was once a servant, when you see him now, would you say to him, ‘Come here, boy, I want you to serve me from morning till night, obeying all my orders’?”
King Ajatasattu said, “Certainly not, World-Honored One. I would never speak to him in such a manner. I would respectfully bow to him, offer him food, and ensure he receives the legal protections due to a monk.”
The Buddha said, “Your Majesty, this is the first fruit of the monk’s practice: he has liberated himself from prejudices of race, society, and class, and he has regained the dignity of being a human being.”
The Buddha continued, “Your Majesty, a person’s dignity is just the first fruit. A monk who observes the two hundred and fifty precepts can reside in a state of tranquility. Those who do not observe precepts are more prone to stray from the path; they may commit sins such as deception, intoxication, adultery, theft, or even murder. Such actions bring terrible punishments to their bodies and minds, and they may face severe penalties when caught. A monk who observes the precepts of non-killing, non-stealing, chastity, truthfulness, abstinence from intoxicants, and over two hundred other precepts finds it easier to live a psychologically freer life than ordinary people. This is another fruit that can be enjoyed in the present.
The Buddha continued, “Your Majesty, a monk possesses only three robes and an alms bowl. He never fears robbery nor needs to guard against thieves at night. He can sleep under a tree without worry. The freedom released from fear is the greatest joy. This is another fruit attained through practice. A monk’s life is very simple; although he eats only one meal a day, the food in his bowl comes from thousands of different households. He does not pursue fame or profit; he only uses what he truly needs, seeking nothing else. Dwelling in such unfettered freedom is a fruit that can be enjoyed at this moment.
King Ajatasattu said, “Truly remarkable, World-Honored One! Please continue.”
The Buddha said, “Your Majesty, if you understand how to cultivate mindfulness and contemplation of breathing, you can experience the joy of those who walk the path of practice. That is the bliss of meditation. A monk observes the six senses to overcome the five hindrances of desire, anger, delusion, sloth, and doubt. He attentively observes the breath to create joy nourishing body and mind, which helps him progress on the path to enlightenment. The pleasure derived from sensory experiences cannot compare with the joy obtained through meditation. The joy of meditation permeates body and mind, dispelling all anxieties, sorrows, and grief, allowing the practitioner to experience the true wonder of life. Your Majesty, this is one of the most important fruits of practice that can be enjoyed at this moment.”
The Buddha continued, “Your Majesty, because a monk consistently maintains mindfulness and adheres to the precepts, he can develop right concentration and insight into all phenomena. Through this insight, he sees the impermanent and selfless nature of all phenomena, thus no longer being bound by worldly affairs. He can then sever all entanglements of afflictions such as greed, anger, desire, sloth, doubt, attachment to views, speculative views, distorted views, and mistaking wrong views for right ones. After cutting off all these entanglements, the monk can attain liberation and freedom.”
“Your Majesty, liberation is true happiness and one of the greatest fruits of practice. Some of the monks sitting here tonight have already attained this fruit. Your Majesty, this is a fruit that can be realized in this very life.”
King Ajatasattu exclaimed, “Excellent, World-Honored One! I hope you can say more.”
The Buddha said, “Your Majesty, by illuminating the true nature of all phenomena, a monk knows that all phenomena are neither born nor extinguished, neither defiled nor pure, neither increasing nor decreasing, neither one nor many, neither coming nor going. With this understanding, a monk no longer discriminates; he regards all phenomena with equanimity, without hindrance. He rides the waves of birth and death to rescue sentient beings from the sea of suffering. He introduces sentient beings to the Great Way, allowing them to taste the joy of liberation. Your Majesty, helping others to break free from the maze of greed, anger, and delusion is the greatest joy. This joy extends from the present into the future as the supreme fruit of practice.
Your Majesty, in all his interactions, a monk never forgets the responsibility to guide others towards virtue and liberation. Monks do not engage in politics; they only contribute to the peace, morality, and happiness of society. The fruits of practice are not only for the benefit of monks; they are also the legacy that can be inherited by the people of the country.
The king stood up, sincerely clasping his hands together. He said, “Most Honored Teacher! World-Honored One! With your simple words, you have enlightened me, showing me the true value of the Dharma. World-Honored One, you have helped me rebuild what was shattered, revealed what was concealed. You have guided me back to the right path in my confusion, turning darkness into light. I beseech you, World-Honored One, to accept me as your disciple, just as you accepted my parents in the past.”
The king prostrated himself before the Buddha, who nodded in acceptance. He asked venerable Shariputra to teach king Ajatasattu the Three Refuges.
The meeting between the Buddha and King Ajatasattu was beneficial for all present, greatly alleviating the king’s mental torment. That night, he dreamt of his father smiling at him, healing all the wounds of the past. The king’s disposition completely changed, bringing infinite joy to his subjects. From then on, the king often visited the Buddha privately, no longer arriving on an elephant and without any guards. He climbed the meticulously carved stone steps up the mountain as his father had done in the past. In these conversations, King Ajatasattu confessed his innermost thoughts to the Buddha and repented for his past sins. The Buddha regarded him as his own son and advised the king to associate with virtuous people.
Master Hongyi (弘一大师, October 23, 1880 – October 13, 1942) was originally named Li Shutong (李叔同) and was born into a prosperous family in the bustling northern city of Tianjin on October 23, 1880. The family, originally hailing from Hongdong County, Shanxi, had relocated to Tianjin during the Ming Dynasty.
Li Shutong’s grandfather, a prosperous banker and salt merchant, and his father, Li Shizhen (李世珍), a scholar deeply immersed in Chan Buddhism and the teachings of Ming Neo-Confucian philosopher Wang Yangming (1472-1529), reflected the family’s intellectual and financial standing.
In contrast, Li Shutong’s mother had a modest upbringing as the daughter of a farmer in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province. She became Li Shizhen’s fourth wife in their multi-courtyard household, marrying him at the age of 20 when he was 68.
Tragically, Master Hongyi’s father passed away when he was just four years old. Subsequently, his mother faced challenges in maintaining her position within the complex dynamics of the household while residing under her eldest son’s roof. Fortunately, Li Shutong found support from two of his elder half-brothers during his early years, allowing him to access a quality education and a firm foundation in the Confucian classics.
The young Li Shutong mastered the art of calligraphy and after his ordination as Master Hongyi, he continued to engage in this artistic tradition. This calligraphy, produced during the period of his life when he was known as Master Hongyi, reads from right to left “Zijing Qixin” (自净其意). It means “to cleanse one’s mind” and is an extract from a famous verse
Influenced by his formative experiences, Li Shutong eloquently expressed a profound perspective on life through poetry at the tender age of 15, capturing the fleeting nature of wealth and honor: “Life is truly like the setting sun on the western hills; wealth and nobility are as transient as frost on the grass.” His personal life, marked by an unconventional marriage, served as a poignant reflection of the internal conflict between societal expectations and his genuine affections.
Li Shutong’s participation in the Hundred Days’ Reform and subsequent rumors prompted his relocation to Shanghai, where he thrived in the dynamic literary scene. Becoming a prominent figure in Shanghai’s cosmopolitan lifestyle, he joined the Chengnan Wenshe and co-founded the “Five Friends of Tianya.”
His impact extended beyond literature. Collaborating with the painter Ren Bonian, he established the Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Association, marking a pivotal moment in Chinese art history. Li Shutong’s engagement in Liyuan activities showcased his versatility as a performer in plays such as “Bai Shuitan” and “Huang Tianba.”
Li Shutong’s literary repertoire included numerous poems and songs, among them the renowned poem “Farewell” (《送别》, Song Bie), which later inspired the widely sung “The Farewell Song” (《送别歌》, Song Bie Ge).
The Farewell Song
Outside the long pavilion, along the ancient route, fragrant green grass joins the sky, The evening wind caressing willow trees, the sound of the flute piercing the heart, sunset over mountains beyond mountains.
At the brink of the sky, at the corners of the earth, my familiar friends wander in loneliness and far from home, One more ladle of wine to conclude the little happiness that remains; don’t have any sad dreams tonight.
Li Shutong’s charcoal drawing titled ‘Maiden’
“A Half-naked Woman” by Li Shutong, collected by CAFA Art Museum, China
However, Li Shutong’s life underwent a profound transformation. Confronted with personal and financial challenges, he voluntarily entered a self-imposed exile in Japan. The success of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 further complicated his circumstances, resulting in financial ruin. Undeterred by these setbacks, Li Shutong maintained composure and supported his family by teaching in Tianjin and Shanghai.
His teaching career, notably at Zhejiang First Teachers’ College, left an indelible mark. Li Shutong played a pivotal role in introducing Western painting to China, earning him the title of the forefather of Chinese oil painting. As the first Chinese art educator to incorporate nude models in his painting classes and introduce Western music to China, his influence was far-reaching. Some of his personally groomed students, including contemporary Chinese artist, educator, and musician Feng Zikai (丰子恺), and Singaporean artist Chen Wenxi (陳文希), went on to become accomplished artists in their own right. His impact on students, such as the renowned painters Pan Tianshou and Shen Benqian, underscored his lasting influence.
During this period, Li Shutong delved deeper into Buddhism. In 1916, he embarked on a 21-day fast at a temple in Hangzhou to experience aspects of the spiritual path. This experience prompted his decision to embrace the ordained life, leading to his monastic vows at Hupao Temple. His disciplined lifestyle, which included fasting therapy for deeper insights, marked a significant spiritual transformation.
Li Shutong’s transition from a worldly existence to a monk, detailed in a letter to his second wife, Yu, reflected his detachment from transient fame and wealth. His decision to leave behind a worldly life for monastic vows occurred only a month after joining the Order. He was known by the monastic names Yanyin (演音) and Hongyi (弘一) after undergoing full ordination rites at Lingyinsi, the largest monastery in Hangzhou.
His departure, though painful for those close to him, exemplified Master Hongyi’s profound understanding of Buddhism. In a conversation with his second wife, he elucidated the nature of love, defining it as compassion, aligned with Buddhist teachings that emphasize letting go of attachment and cultivating compassion.
Master Hongyi’s transformation from the proud and arrogant Li Shutong to a humble and receptive teacher was evident in his approach to teaching Dharma. Contrary to expectations of flawless mastery, Master Hongyi sought feedback from student monks and welcomed constructive criticism without defending himself.
By early 1942, the toll of austerities and fasts began affecting Master Hongyi’s health, and by mid-May, his condition deteriorated rapidly.
The paranirvana of Master Hongyi
Three days before his passing at Busi Temple in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, on October 13, 1942, Master Hongyi inscribed his final calligraphic strokes, creating the work known as “Sorrow and Joy Comingle,” “Worldly Sorrows and Joy Are Intertwined,” or “Sorrow or Joy Are Inextricably Bound to Each Other” (《悲欣交集》, Beixin jiaoji).
Master Hongyi’s philosophical framework posited three distinct stages in human life: material, intellectual, and spiritual. The material phase pertains to mundane existence, the intellectual phase characterizes the life of ordinary intellectuals, while the spiritual phase encompasses the religious realm.
Material, intellectual, spiritual; beauty, profundity, deity. These concepts are intricately tied to the principles of abstinence, composure, and wisdom in Buddhism.
Abstinence, in this context, denotes the renunciation of materialistic pursuits. Composure signifies the practice of deep meditation—tranquil and remote—a path that ultimately leads to the attainment of wisdom. The imagery of Venerable Hongyi experiencing both sorrow and joy (欣) symbolizes the dynamic interplay between these various dimensions of life.
Li Shutong: From Prodigy to Monk – A Journey Beyond Wealth and Artistry
Peace LiLy 