When I was a child, I read The Three Character Classic (三字经) and came across a verse: “Dou Yanshan, of righteous conduct, taught five sons, all became famous.” At the time, I didn’t realize how much meaning was packed into these simple lines. Later, I learned that they tell a profound story. Dou Yanshan’s life and deeds provide undeniable proof of the law of cause and effect, offering a timeless moral lesson for the world. I would like to share Dou Yanshan’s story with you.
Dou Yujun, also known as Yanshan due to his home in Youzhou (part of the Yan region), lived during the Later Jin period of the Five Dynasties. He lost his father at a young age, and was raised solely by his mother, to whom he showed deep filial respect, never daring to disobey her. At that time, most men married in their twenties, and by the age of thirty, if they had no children, they would worry about their lineage. Dou Yujun, still childless in his thirties, was deeply concerned about his future.
One night, Dou had a dream where his deceased grandfather appeared and said, “Yujun, your past life’s negative karma is heavy, which is why in this life, you are not only childless but also destined for a short life. My dear grandson, turn your heart toward goodness. Perform acts of kindness and help others. Perhaps by doing so, you may change your fate.” Upon waking, Dou remembered every word of his grandfather’s message. From that moment, he vowed to avoid all evil and pursue only good deeds.
One example of his kindness involved a servant who had stolen twenty thousand taels of silver. Fearing punishment, the servant wrote a bond stating that he was selling his young daughter to repay the debt and then fled. When Dou discovered this, instead of punishing the girl, he burned the bond and raised her as his own. When she grew up, he even arranged a marriage for her, providing a dowry.
On New Year’s Day, Dou went to Yanqing Temple to pray and found 200 taels of silver and 30 taels of gold near a meditation cushion. Believing it to be someone’s lost property, he waited in the temple for the owner to return. After some time, a man arrived, crying in distress. Dou asked him what was wrong, and the man explained, “My father has been captured by bandits, and after much effort, I gathered 200 taels of silver and 30 taels of gold to ransom him. But now I’ve lost everything!” Dou, realizing this man was the rightful owner, returned all the silver and gold and even gave him additional travel money. The man left, filled with gratitude.
Dou Yujun was known for his many acts of kindness. When friends or relatives couldn’t afford coffins for their deceased, he provided them. When children of poor families had no means to marry, he paid for their weddings. He lent money to those in need so they could start businesses, helping countless people survive. Despite his generosity, Dou lived a frugal life. Each year, after setting aside the necessary expenses for his family, he used the rest of his income to help others. He even established forty schools, collected thousands of books, and hired teachers of high moral character to educate the youth. He paid the tuition of poor students, helping cultivate many outstanding individuals.
One night, Dou had another dream in which his grandfather appeared again, saying, “You have done many good deeds. Because of your great virtue, Heaven has extended your life by thirty-six years and will bless you with five noble sons, all of whom will achieve great success. When your time comes, you will ascend to Heaven.” His grandfather added, “The law of cause and effect is absolute. The consequences of good and evil deeds may appear in this life, in the next, or in the lives of your descendants. Heaven’s justice is unerring.”
After this, Dou Yujun continued to cultivate virtue with even greater diligence. Eventually, he had five sons, and due to his strict and righteous upbringing, they were all disciplined, harmonious, and filial. All five sons passed the imperial examinations and achieved high positions: his eldest, Dou Yi, became a Minister of State; his second, Dou Yan, became a Hanlin Academician; his third, Dou Cheng, served as Deputy Prime Minister; his fourth, Dou Kan, was an Imperial Chronicler; and his youngest, Dou Xi, became Assistant to the Minister of the Left. Even his eight grandsons achieved prominence. To honor Dou’s achievements, the imperial official Feng Dao wrote a poem:
“Yanshan’s Dou family, with righteous teachings, raised five sons, all blossoming like red laurels.”
Dou himself lived to the age of eighty-two. He predicted the time of his passing, bid farewell to his friends, bathed, dressed in clean clothes, and passed away peacefully.
The law of cause and effect is undeniable. Whether the consequences of good deeds are seen in this life, in the lives of one’s descendants, or in future reincarnations, they are inevitable. Dou Yujun not only enjoyed a long life and wealth, but his descendants also prospered, and his peaceful death is a testament to the blessings awaiting him in his next life. His vast and profound kindness brought him blessings in this life, in the lives of his descendants, and in the afterlife.
The renowned Song Dynasty scholar, Fan Zhongyan, used Dou Yujun’s story to teach his own children about the importance of good deeds, leading to the prosperity of the Fan family. While many people knew about Dou Yujun’s deeds, few truly acted on them. It is like entering a treasure mountain and leaving empty-handed. What a missed opportunity that would be!
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Peace LiLy 