Mount Wutai, home to over 53 sacred monasteries, stands as one of the Four Sacred Mountains of Chinese Buddhism. Each of these mountains is regarded as the bodhimaṇḍa of one of the four great bodhisattvas, and Wutai is the sacred domain of Manjushri, the Bodhisattva of Wisdom. Revered since ancient times, Mount Wutai holds a profound spiritual significance, attracting countless pilgrims seeking enlightenment and divine blessings.
Mount Wutai was the first of the four great mountains to be identified and is often referred to as the “First Among the Four Great Mountains.” Due to its unique status, it is also known as “Golden Wutai.” The identification of this sacred site can be traced back to the Avataṃsaka Sūtra, which describes the abodes of many bodhisattvas. In this scripture, Manjushri is said to reside on a “clear cold mountain” in the northeast. This passage not only solidified Wutai’s spiritual identity but also inspired its alternative name, “Clear Cool Mountain.” With an annual average temperature of around -4°C and high-moisture air, the mountain’s name perfectly encapsulates its serene and pure atmosphere.
Legends tell of Manjushri’s frequent appearances on Mount Wutai, often taking the form of ordinary pilgrims, monks, or most notably, five-colored clouds. Among the many tales that surround this sacred land, the story of the Xielong Stone and the Dragon Temple remains one of the most awe-inspiring.
In ancient times, the climate of Mount Wutai was harsh—winters were bitterly cold, and powerful spring winds carried dust and sand, making the land inhospitable. At that time, the mountain was simply known as “Five Peaks Mountain.” Determined to transform Wutai into a haven for spiritual cultivation and to bring blessings to sentient beings, Manjushri sought the mystical Xielong Stone, a sacred gem held by the Dragon King of the Eastern Sea. This stone possessed miraculous powers that could regulate the climate, making the land fertile and serene.
Manjushri traveled to the Dragon Palace and humbly requested the Xielong Stone. However, the Dragon King hesitated, explaining, “This stone was left behind by the goddess Nüwa. It is a resting place for our dragon clan, and we cannot part with it.”
With infinite compassion, Manjushri responded, “I seek this stone to benefit all sentient beings. I hope you, great Dragon King, will fulfill this virtuous karmic connection.”
Although moved by Manjushri’s vow, the Dragon King was reluctant to relinquish the treasured stone. He assumed that even with his great dharma powers, Manjushri would be unable to move it, as it weighed tens of thousands of pounds. Feigning generosity, he said, “Great Bodhisattva, if you can take the stone, you may do so.”
To the Dragon King’s astonishment, Manjushri gently approached the stone, recited a divine mantra, and instantly shrank the massive rock to the size of a marble. With a flick of his sleeve, he stowed it away, bowed to the Dragon King, and effortlessly departed.
The Dragon King, realizing his mistake too late, could only watch in stunned regret.
When the five dragon princes returned to the palace and learned what had happened, they were enraged. Determined to reclaim the stone, they pursued Manjushri to Wutai Mountain. As they arrived, Manjushri sat in serene meditation, awaiting them.
Upon seeing him, the Fifth Dragon Prince demanded, “Are you truly the teacher of the Seven Buddhas, the Awakened Mother of the Three Periods, Manjushri Bodhisattva?”
Manjushri calmly replied, “Indeed, I am.”
Scoffing, the young dragon sneered, “It is said that past Buddhas were your disciples, yet you appear to be only fifteen or sixteen years old. How can this be?”
Manjushri then imparted a teaching:
“The Buddha taught that there are four things in the world that must never be underestimated:
- A young prince—though small, he will one day rule the land and influence countless lives.
- A young dragon—though young, he will one day command the winds and tides.
- A small flame—though weak, it can grow into an all-consuming blaze.
- A young monk—though inexperienced, he may attain supreme wisdom through practice.”
Hearing this, the young dragons began to reflect on the depth of Manjushri’s wisdom. However, the young dragons were still defiant. They demanded, “If you truly have great divine power, why not change the climate of Wutai Mountain directly? Why did you have to take the Xielong Stone?”
With patience, Manjushri explained, “Divine power can temporarily change conditions, but only through the Xielong Stone can Wutai Mountain remain perpetually cool and become a sanctuary for spiritual cultivation.”
Unconvinced, the young dragons retorted angrily, “So you admit that your power is limited! Return the stone at once, or we will show no mercy!”
Furious, the five dragons launched a fierce attack, unleashing their claws, storms, and lightning against Manjushri. Yet, no matter how they struck, they could not harm him in the slightest.
In their frustration, they began to tear at the mountains, hoping to shake the ground beneath Manjushri. Their immense strength clawed away the mountaintops, scattering rocks across the land, creating what is now known as the Dragon-Turned Stones (龙翻石).
Realizing the young dragons’ arrogance and aggression, Manjushri used his supreme power to subdue them. He sealed them beneath Mimo Rock (秘魔岩), merging two great peaks, leaving only a narrow crevice for them to reflect and temper their hearts. He then instructed the local mountain spirits and earth deities to ensure the dragons were provided with food and offerings, allowing them to cultivate patience and wisdom until their minds were at peace.
Later, the Dragon King of the Eastern Sea personally traveled to Wutai Mountain, pleading with Manjushri to release his sons.
With a compassionate smile, Manjushri assured him, “I have never harmed even an ant, let alone your five sons. They are here only to refine their minds. Once they achieve inner harmony, they will be freed naturally.”
To honor the young dragons and appease their spirits, Manjushri decreed that a Dragon King Temple be built in their name. There, they would receive offerings and incense from devoted followers, increasing their divine merits while they cultivated.
From then on, the Dragon King Temple on Wutai Mountain flourished, becoming a revered site for pilgrims seeking blessings for favorable weather and divine protection. Its existence symbolizes humanity’s reverence for the water deities and our hope for harmony between nature and sentient beings. Amidst the rising incense and prayers, worshippers not only feel the celestial blessings but also gain insight into wisdom and inner peace through spiritual practice.
Today’s Wutai Mountain is surrounded by lush green hills, beneath a sky of pure blue and auspicious clouds. In summer, the weather shifts between sunshine and rain, mist and fog. On clear days, the vast sky is brilliantly blue, filling the heart with joy and serenity; on rainy days, the misty veils create an atmosphere of elegance and tranquility, bringing deep peace to the soul. Strolling through the mountains, one feels naturally at ease and in harmony with the surroundings.
All of this, in truth, is a manifestation of the blessings and protection of Manjushri Bodhisattva. With His innate cool radiance, Manjushri employed the Dragon-Resting Gem to enlighten the beings of the dragon lineage. In doing so, He also established this sacred pure land of Wutai, where both ordinary and holy beings coexist. Here, He watches over this realm, awaiting the return of the countless wayfarers lost in the endless cycles of samsara.
